The anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity, mineral composition, and yield components of black-grained bread wheat lines of the Saratovskaya 29 cultivar
摘要
The development of bread color-grained wheat cultivars rich in biologically active compounds that play an important role in the prevention of various diseases is a topical area of modern breeding. Investigation of total anthocyanin (TAC) and phenolic compound (TPC) contents as well as antioxidant activity (AOA) in four black-grained lines of the Saratovskaya 29 cultivar (S29BW1‒4) revealed that, under greenhouse conditions, they had higher values of the analyzed parameters compared with those in blue- and purple-grained parental lines. However, under field conditions, there were no significant differences in TPC and AOA between S29BW1‒4 and the blue-grained line S29Ba. Eighteen, fifteen, and twelve anthocyanins were identified in black-, purple-, and blue-grained wheat lines, respectively. Analysis of the anthocyanin profile in S29BW2 and S29BW4 revealed the prevalence of delphinidin-3-O-glucoside and delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside that accounted for about 50% of TAC, whereas cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside contents were less than 10%. Peonidin-3-O-(3”,6”-dimalonylglucoside), petunidin-3-O-(6”-malonylglucoside), and petunidin-3-O-rutinoside had not previously been identified in black grain. In addition, investigation of macro- and microelement composition of grain showed that S29BW1‒4 lines were characterized by the highest Zn and K contents and the lowest Ca and Na contents among all genotypes. In three of the four black-grained lines, the Zn content exceeded 50 mg/kg. Thus, these lines can be donors of high flavonoid and Zn content, but their low productivity is a limiting factor of their breeding potential for the development of new biofortified varieties of common wheat.