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<p>In paddy fields, the co-occurrence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) poses a significant challenge to food security. This study elucidates a key mechanism: phosphorus (P) gradients direct the partitioning of As and Cd in rice by modulating the crystallinity of root-surface iron plaque (IP). Through hydroponic experiments, we found that low-P conditions fostered amorphous IP, which exhibited a remarkable selectivity for As adsorption (2366.53&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>) while impeding Cd fixation (45.59&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>). Conversely, high-P accelerated IP crystallization, enhancing Cd adsorption (105.69&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>) but drastically reducing As capture (264.87&#xa0;mg·kg<sup>− 1</sup>). This morphological shift dictated metal fate: under low-P, 75% of As was sequestered in roots, whereas high-P promoted its translocation to stems (mobility coefficient of 0.25). Our findings demonstrate that P alters IP’s adsorption selectivity by regulating iron oxide crystallinity, triggering competition between As and Cd. We propose a graded control strategy of “low-P for As control and medium-P for Cd suppression,” offering a targeted theoretical basis for the remediation of co-contaminated paddy fields.</p>

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Iron plaque crystallinity driven by phosphorus gradients directs Cd/As partitioning in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Jibo Long,
  • Qian Zhu,
  • Hongyu Fu,
  • Bingyu Li,
  • Yimin Zhou,
  • Zhuoqing Li,
  • Jiaxiang Wang,
  • Cheng Qiu,
  • Qinghai Liu,
  • Ming Lei

摘要

In paddy fields, the co-occurrence of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) poses a significant challenge to food security. This study elucidates a key mechanism: phosphorus (P) gradients direct the partitioning of As and Cd in rice by modulating the crystallinity of root-surface iron plaque (IP). Through hydroponic experiments, we found that low-P conditions fostered amorphous IP, which exhibited a remarkable selectivity for As adsorption (2366.53 mg·kg− 1) while impeding Cd fixation (45.59 mg·kg− 1). Conversely, high-P accelerated IP crystallization, enhancing Cd adsorption (105.69 mg·kg− 1) but drastically reducing As capture (264.87 mg·kg− 1). This morphological shift dictated metal fate: under low-P, 75% of As was sequestered in roots, whereas high-P promoted its translocation to stems (mobility coefficient of 0.25). Our findings demonstrate that P alters IP’s adsorption selectivity by regulating iron oxide crystallinity, triggering competition between As and Cd. We propose a graded control strategy of “low-P for As control and medium-P for Cd suppression,” offering a targeted theoretical basis for the remediation of co-contaminated paddy fields.