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<p>Plant sexual reproduction blends maternal and paternal genomes for the production of viable offspring. Some maize genotypes, known as haploid inducers (HI), yield in-vivo haploids with only the maternal or paternal genome. This study examined haploid maize plants generated by mating with a newly developed <i>R1-nj</i>-based HI line. Haploid seeds, distinguished by coloured endosperm and non-coloured scutellum, were verified using codominant DNA markers and flow cytometry. Leaves of the haploid plants possessed 1.3 to 2.7-fold less calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminium, barium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, and zinc than the diploid plants. In contrast, haploid plants displayed a 1.2 to 1.6-fold greater accumulation of potassium, sodium, cobalt, and lead in leaf tissue than diploid plants. Chlorophyll, sucrose, glucose, and maltose were much lower in haploid plants than the diploid plants. Fructose accumulation in both haploid and diploid was similar. Haploid plants had a much lower rate of photosynthesis (10-fold) and transpiration (7-fold), as well as decreased water conductance (9-fold) compared to diploids. In the leaves of both haploid and diploid plants, the rate of photosynthesis was positively correlated with the quantity of sugar concentration. Haploid tissue recorded poor dry matter accumulation compared to the diploid counterparts. Furthermore, the canopy temperature depression of the haploid population was lower at the same ambient temperature as in the diploid plants. In summary, haploid maize plants exhibited distinct metabolic and physiological differences compared to diploids, offering valuable insights into fundamental maize physiology. This study provides a future direction on the physiological basis for improving doubled haploid production efficiency in maize by highlighting the possibilities of targeted supplementation of deficient elements and metabolites in haploids to enhance chromosome doubling rates and reduce genotype-dependent variability.</p>

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Haploids (n) possess significantly compromised morphological, physiological and biochemical attributes over diploid (2n) plants in maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Suman Dutta,
  • Sudhir Kumar,
  • Vignesh Muthusamy,
  • Rajkumar U. Zunjare,
  • Subhra J. Mishra,
  • Nisrita Gain,
  • Botta T. Ganesh,
  • Ravindra K. Kasana,
  • Jayanthi Madhavan,
  • Rajkumar Subramani,
  • Firoz Hossain

摘要

Plant sexual reproduction blends maternal and paternal genomes for the production of viable offspring. Some maize genotypes, known as haploid inducers (HI), yield in-vivo haploids with only the maternal or paternal genome. This study examined haploid maize plants generated by mating with a newly developed R1-nj-based HI line. Haploid seeds, distinguished by coloured endosperm and non-coloured scutellum, were verified using codominant DNA markers and flow cytometry. Leaves of the haploid plants possessed 1.3 to 2.7-fold less calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminium, barium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, strontium, and zinc than the diploid plants. In contrast, haploid plants displayed a 1.2 to 1.6-fold greater accumulation of potassium, sodium, cobalt, and lead in leaf tissue than diploid plants. Chlorophyll, sucrose, glucose, and maltose were much lower in haploid plants than the diploid plants. Fructose accumulation in both haploid and diploid was similar. Haploid plants had a much lower rate of photosynthesis (10-fold) and transpiration (7-fold), as well as decreased water conductance (9-fold) compared to diploids. In the leaves of both haploid and diploid plants, the rate of photosynthesis was positively correlated with the quantity of sugar concentration. Haploid tissue recorded poor dry matter accumulation compared to the diploid counterparts. Furthermore, the canopy temperature depression of the haploid population was lower at the same ambient temperature as in the diploid plants. In summary, haploid maize plants exhibited distinct metabolic and physiological differences compared to diploids, offering valuable insights into fundamental maize physiology. This study provides a future direction on the physiological basis for improving doubled haploid production efficiency in maize by highlighting the possibilities of targeted supplementation of deficient elements and metabolites in haploids to enhance chromosome doubling rates and reduce genotype-dependent variability.