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<p>In achieving low-cost cultivation, the role of crop breeding is to impart phenotypic plasticity (PP) to modern cultivars. PP, which has been mostly lost during domestication, is the ability of a single genotype to change its phenotype in response to multiple environments, but the genetic basis of PP is not well understood. At least three areas are involved in their basis. (1) Reaction norm (RN) is the pattern of PP, but we know little how genes for environmental response are involved in RN. (2) The source of PP, genotype-by-environment interaction, has a low heritability but we know little how the genes behave in a fluctuating environment. (3) We do not also know how the plastic genotype has evolved under preconditions of the low heritability. To obtain the empirical clue, analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) was mainly performed on density response (DR) and genotypic value of the three adaptive traits, tiller angle, tiller number, and plant height, using recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross between a wild and a cultivated rice under two-density conditions in hot and cool years in a paddy field. Main results were as follows: (1) Most of QTLs related to DR directly contributed to slope of DR. (2) Most of DR-related QTLs expressed, depending on years. (3) In wild rice, DR-related QTLs tended to be closely or loosely linked to each other, while in cultivated rice, DR-related QTLs scattered over the genome. From evolutionary genetics, we suggested how DR genes can be introduced into cultivar.</p>

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Analysis of genetic property of phenotypic plasticity evolution in asian cultivated and wild rice with special reference to year environments in one of the northern-limit regions of rice cultivation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Youki Itoh,
  • Hironori Nagano,
  • Yoshikazu Sato

摘要

In achieving low-cost cultivation, the role of crop breeding is to impart phenotypic plasticity (PP) to modern cultivars. PP, which has been mostly lost during domestication, is the ability of a single genotype to change its phenotype in response to multiple environments, but the genetic basis of PP is not well understood. At least three areas are involved in their basis. (1) Reaction norm (RN) is the pattern of PP, but we know little how genes for environmental response are involved in RN. (2) The source of PP, genotype-by-environment interaction, has a low heritability but we know little how the genes behave in a fluctuating environment. (3) We do not also know how the plastic genotype has evolved under preconditions of the low heritability. To obtain the empirical clue, analysis of quantitative trait locus (QTL) was mainly performed on density response (DR) and genotypic value of the three adaptive traits, tiller angle, tiller number, and plant height, using recombinant-inbred lines derived from the cross between a wild and a cultivated rice under two-density conditions in hot and cool years in a paddy field. Main results were as follows: (1) Most of QTLs related to DR directly contributed to slope of DR. (2) Most of DR-related QTLs expressed, depending on years. (3) In wild rice, DR-related QTLs tended to be closely or loosely linked to each other, while in cultivated rice, DR-related QTLs scattered over the genome. From evolutionary genetics, we suggested how DR genes can be introduced into cultivar.