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<p>The productivity of rice is mainly affected by various abiotic and biotic stresses.&#xa0;The latter include diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, virus, insect pests, nematodes and herbivory. Due to increase in pathogen resistance, the use of crop rotation and several broad-spectrum bactericides and fungicides are not found sufficient to check pathogenesis, thus requiring safe, novel, and&#xa0;eco-friendly strategies to manage pathogen stress. Biopriming (by fungi and bacteria) and chemopriming (by synthetic and natural chemicals) of rice plants have become successful to some extent to reduce biotic stress induced loss of crop production. Among different biocontrol fungi, <i>Trichoderma</i> strains occupy the major portion of fungal biocontrol market. <i>Trichoderma</i> induces physical (e.g., root colonization), physiological (e.g., improved nutrient and water transport, photosynthesis), biochemical (e.g., enhanced production of ROS scavenging enzymes, cell wall degrading enzymes and antimicrobial substances, etc.) and molecular changes in the rice plant and helps in mitigating pathogen stress. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on: (i) mechanism of action of <i>Trichoderma</i>, (ii) comparative analysis of the mode of application of <i>Trichoderma</i> with an objective to identify the most efficient method(s) for defense induction and (iii) <i>Trichoderma</i> induced morphological, physiological and genetic changes for disease defense. It also offers an account of unexplored areas (e.g., development of commercial products/formulations), which might be considered for future research to manage rice pathogens.</p>

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Priming with Trichoderma for induction of defense against rice pathogens

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月15日

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  • Shasmita,
  • Sujata Hota,
  • Arup Kumar Mukherjee,
  • Soumendra Kumar Naik,
  • Pradipta Kumar Mohapatra

摘要

The productivity of rice is mainly affected by various abiotic and biotic stresses. The latter include diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, virus, insect pests, nematodes and herbivory. Due to increase in pathogen resistance, the use of crop rotation and several broad-spectrum bactericides and fungicides are not found sufficient to check pathogenesis, thus requiring safe, novel, and eco-friendly strategies to manage pathogen stress. Biopriming (by fungi and bacteria) and chemopriming (by synthetic and natural chemicals) of rice plants have become successful to some extent to reduce biotic stress induced loss of crop production. Among different biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma strains occupy the major portion of fungal biocontrol market. Trichoderma induces physical (e.g., root colonization), physiological (e.g., improved nutrient and water transport, photosynthesis), biochemical (e.g., enhanced production of ROS scavenging enzymes, cell wall degrading enzymes and antimicrobial substances, etc.) and molecular changes in the rice plant and helps in mitigating pathogen stress. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on: (i) mechanism of action of Trichoderma, (ii) comparative analysis of the mode of application of Trichoderma with an objective to identify the most efficient method(s) for defense induction and (iii) Trichoderma induced morphological, physiological and genetic changes for disease defense. It also offers an account of unexplored areas (e.g., development of commercial products/formulations), which might be considered for future research to manage rice pathogens.