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<p>This study evaluates the potential of homeopathic remedies to enhance the germination and early growth of two durum wheat varieties, INRAT 100 and Razzek, under saline conditions, with the aim of improving crop resilience in salt-affected environments. The effects of increasing salinity levels on seed germination rates, seedling growth parameters, and physiological responses were examined. Our findings reveal significant differences in the response of the two varieties to <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> treatment under saline stress. Our findings reveal significant differences in the response of the two varieties to <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> treatment under saline stress. The INRAT 100 variety demonstrated significantly enhanced root and shoot growth parameters compared to Razzek, especially under elevated salinity conditions, suggesting a greater intrinsic adaptability to stress environments, highlighting its greater adaptability to saline environments. Additionally, <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> at a dilution of 9CH positively influenced key physiological responses in both varieties, including elevated proline accumulation and enhanced protein synthesis or stabilization. These physiological adjustments were more robust in INRAT 100, suggesting its stronger capacity for osmotic adjustment and stress tolerance mechanisms, highlighting its greater adaptability to saline environments. Additionally, <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> at a dilution of 9CH positively influenced key physiological responses in both varieties, including elevated proline accumulation and enhanced protein synthesis or stabilization. These physiological adjustments were more robust in INRAT 100, suggesting its stronger capacity for osmotic adjustment and stress tolerance mechanisms. Interestingly, while INRAT 100 demonstrated higher antioxidant activity, particularly superoxide dismutase, under <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> treatment, Razzek exhibited notable improvements in fresh and dry biomass accumulation. This contrast indicates distinct adaptive strategies between the two varieties: INRAT 100 relies on enhanced physiological resilience through osmoprotectant accumulation and antioxidant defenses, whereas Razzek emphasizes biomass preservation under stress conditions. These findings strongly suggest that <i>Natrum muriaticum</i> plays a critical role not only in promoting antioxidant production but also in regulating nutrient homeostasis and cellular osmotic balance in stressed plants. By enhancing germination rates and supporting physiological adjustments tailored to each variety’s genetic traits, homeopathic remedies emerge as promising alternatives for improving seed germination and plant performance under adverse environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to explore their broader applications in sustainable agriculture and assess their scalability across diverse crop genotypes. By enhancing germination rates and supporting physiological adjustments tailored to each variety’s genetic traits, homeopathic remedies emerge as promising alternatives for improving seed germination and plant performance under adverse environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to explore their broader applications in sustainable agriculture and assess their scalability across diverse crop genotypes.</p>

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Natrum muriaticum enhances salt stress resilience in durum wheat (Triticum durum) via antioxidant defense and osmotic adjustment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月17日

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  • Insaf Djebbi,
  • Badra Bouamama-Gzara,
  • Souheib Oueslati,
  • Rim Ben Mansour,
  • Chiraz Chaffei-Haouari

摘要

This study evaluates the potential of homeopathic remedies to enhance the germination and early growth of two durum wheat varieties, INRAT 100 and Razzek, under saline conditions, with the aim of improving crop resilience in salt-affected environments. The effects of increasing salinity levels on seed germination rates, seedling growth parameters, and physiological responses were examined. Our findings reveal significant differences in the response of the two varieties to Natrum muriaticum treatment under saline stress. Our findings reveal significant differences in the response of the two varieties to Natrum muriaticum treatment under saline stress. The INRAT 100 variety demonstrated significantly enhanced root and shoot growth parameters compared to Razzek, especially under elevated salinity conditions, suggesting a greater intrinsic adaptability to stress environments, highlighting its greater adaptability to saline environments. Additionally, Natrum muriaticum at a dilution of 9CH positively influenced key physiological responses in both varieties, including elevated proline accumulation and enhanced protein synthesis or stabilization. These physiological adjustments were more robust in INRAT 100, suggesting its stronger capacity for osmotic adjustment and stress tolerance mechanisms, highlighting its greater adaptability to saline environments. Additionally, Natrum muriaticum at a dilution of 9CH positively influenced key physiological responses in both varieties, including elevated proline accumulation and enhanced protein synthesis or stabilization. These physiological adjustments were more robust in INRAT 100, suggesting its stronger capacity for osmotic adjustment and stress tolerance mechanisms. Interestingly, while INRAT 100 demonstrated higher antioxidant activity, particularly superoxide dismutase, under Natrum muriaticum treatment, Razzek exhibited notable improvements in fresh and dry biomass accumulation. This contrast indicates distinct adaptive strategies between the two varieties: INRAT 100 relies on enhanced physiological resilience through osmoprotectant accumulation and antioxidant defenses, whereas Razzek emphasizes biomass preservation under stress conditions. These findings strongly suggest that Natrum muriaticum plays a critical role not only in promoting antioxidant production but also in regulating nutrient homeostasis and cellular osmotic balance in stressed plants. By enhancing germination rates and supporting physiological adjustments tailored to each variety’s genetic traits, homeopathic remedies emerge as promising alternatives for improving seed germination and plant performance under adverse environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to explore their broader applications in sustainable agriculture and assess their scalability across diverse crop genotypes. By enhancing germination rates and supporting physiological adjustments tailored to each variety’s genetic traits, homeopathic remedies emerge as promising alternatives for improving seed germination and plant performance under adverse environmental conditions. Further studies are recommended to explore their broader applications in sustainable agriculture and assess their scalability across diverse crop genotypes.