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<p>With an increase in global temperatures with climate change, understanding how crops respond to heat stress becomes essential for maintaining agricultural productivity. Maize crop is largely vulnerable to high temperatures during its reproductive phase, often leading to significant yield loss. The current field study investigated the effect of high temperatures on maize, focussing specifically on pollen viability yield and major yield attributes. In the study, maize cultivars PMH14 and ADV9293 were grown under six varying temperature environments during spring as well as during the <i>kharif</i> season in a temperature-gradient tunnel (TGT). The six temperature environments during the spring season were: G1 (ambient), G2 (+ 1.25&#xa0;°C), G3 (+ 0.80&#xa0;°C), G4 (+ 1.10&#xa0;°C), G5 (+ 1.30&#xa0;°C) and G6 (+ 1.21&#xa0;°C), and during <i>kharif</i> season were: G1 (ambient), G2 (+ 3.10&#xa0;°C), G3 (+ 2.00&#xa0;°C), G4 (+ 3.05&#xa0;°C), G5 (+ 2.75&#xa0;°C) and G6 (+ 2.65&#xa0;°C). The pollen viability was assessed using acetocarmine staining, and the agronomic yield attributes (cob length and girth, number of grains/cob, grain and biomass yield, 1000-grain weight and harvest index) were quantitatively taken and analysed systematically. The results indicated that the pollen viability significantly improved with an increase in temperature during the spring season, and the highest possible number of viable pollens (98.35%) was observed under G5 (+ 1.30&#xa0;°C) regimes, i.e. 34.62&#xa0;°C temperature. However, a significant decrease in pollen viability (ranging from 4 to 8%) was noted under elevated temperature environments within TGT during the <i>kharif</i> season. During the spring season, under G5 (+ 1.30&#xa0;°C) sensor within TGT at the mean maximum temperature of 34.62&#xa0;°C, the highest grains/cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of 411, 253&#xa0;g and 6209&#xa0;kg/ha, respectively, were recorded, which was significantly higher than 311, 165&#xa0;g and 5128&#xa0;kg/ha, respectively, recorded outside TGT. However, during the hotter <i>kharif</i> season, significantly lower grains/cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of 247, 192&#xa0;g and 4625&#xa0;kg/ha, respectively, were recorded at elevated temperature (42.58&#xa0;°C) as compared to outside TGT (35.78&#xa0;°C) of 371, 257&#xa0;g and 6146&#xa0;kg/ha, respectively. Under peak heat stress in TGT during the <i>kharif</i> season, the PMH14 maize cultivar showed better performance compared to ADV9293. This suggests that PMH14 possesses important heat stress-tolerant characteristics that maize breeders can make use of in future breeding experiments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Performance of maize (Zea mays L) under elevated temperature regimes: a field study on pollen viability, yield and yield attributes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Navneet Kaur,
  • Prabhjyot-Kaur,
  • Sandeep Singh Sandhu,
  • Surinder Sandhu,
  • Harleen Kaur

摘要

With an increase in global temperatures with climate change, understanding how crops respond to heat stress becomes essential for maintaining agricultural productivity. Maize crop is largely vulnerable to high temperatures during its reproductive phase, often leading to significant yield loss. The current field study investigated the effect of high temperatures on maize, focussing specifically on pollen viability yield and major yield attributes. In the study, maize cultivars PMH14 and ADV9293 were grown under six varying temperature environments during spring as well as during the kharif season in a temperature-gradient tunnel (TGT). The six temperature environments during the spring season were: G1 (ambient), G2 (+ 1.25 °C), G3 (+ 0.80 °C), G4 (+ 1.10 °C), G5 (+ 1.30 °C) and G6 (+ 1.21 °C), and during kharif season were: G1 (ambient), G2 (+ 3.10 °C), G3 (+ 2.00 °C), G4 (+ 3.05 °C), G5 (+ 2.75 °C) and G6 (+ 2.65 °C). The pollen viability was assessed using acetocarmine staining, and the agronomic yield attributes (cob length and girth, number of grains/cob, grain and biomass yield, 1000-grain weight and harvest index) were quantitatively taken and analysed systematically. The results indicated that the pollen viability significantly improved with an increase in temperature during the spring season, and the highest possible number of viable pollens (98.35%) was observed under G5 (+ 1.30 °C) regimes, i.e. 34.62 °C temperature. However, a significant decrease in pollen viability (ranging from 4 to 8%) was noted under elevated temperature environments within TGT during the kharif season. During the spring season, under G5 (+ 1.30 °C) sensor within TGT at the mean maximum temperature of 34.62 °C, the highest grains/cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of 411, 253 g and 6209 kg/ha, respectively, were recorded, which was significantly higher than 311, 165 g and 5128 kg/ha, respectively, recorded outside TGT. However, during the hotter kharif season, significantly lower grains/cob, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of 247, 192 g and 4625 kg/ha, respectively, were recorded at elevated temperature (42.58 °C) as compared to outside TGT (35.78 °C) of 371, 257 g and 6146 kg/ha, respectively. Under peak heat stress in TGT during the kharif season, the PMH14 maize cultivar showed better performance compared to ADV9293. This suggests that PMH14 possesses important heat stress-tolerant characteristics that maize breeders can make use of in future breeding experiments.

Graphical abstract