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<p>Drought is a main stress factor in many regions of the world, negatively affects on growth, development and productivity of crops. Two-year (2022–2023 and 2023–2024) experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on some biochemical, physiological parameters of bread wheat genotypes. Changes in the ultrastructure of the flag leaf were also studied by light and electron microscopic studies. Compared to irrigated plants, the amounts of proline and malondialdehyde increased in the leaves and roots of drought-stressed plants. After rehydration, the amount of mentioned compounds decreased. Rehydration also prevented a sharp decrease in grain yield of wheat genotypes. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity also increased in leaves and roots of drought-stressed plants. Under drought stress conditions, flag leaf assimilation area, dry biomass, relative water content and pigments content decreased. The detection of significant amounts of proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the tissues of irrigated plants indicates that the accumulation of these metabolites is not solely related to stressful conditions. Flag leaf of three drought-stressed genotypes (Gyrmyzy gul 1, Gobustan and 94–49) was studied at the ultrastructural level using both light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. When examining the flag leaf of Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotype, compared with the control, only irregular arrangement of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of some mesophyll cells was noted. When examining the flag leaf of Gobustan genotype, compared with the control, the number of chloroplasts decreased sharply and some of them migration toward the center of the cell with mitochondria was detected. No pathology was observed in the thylakoids. When examining the flag leaf of 94–49 genotype, compared with the control, a noticeable damage on cellular and subcellular level was detected. The cristae of mesophyll cell mitochondria were not clearly visible, the outer membranes of chloroplasts expanded, and the thylakoid membranes were separated from each other. Although proline and malondialdehyde increased more in leaves and roots of Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotype in response to water stress, fewer ultrastructure changes indicated its drought tolerance.</p>

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Effect of drought stress on some biochemical parameters and ultrastructure of bread wheat genotypes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Tofig I. Allahverdiyev,
  • Fuad H. Rzayev,
  • Eldar K. Gasimov,
  • Irada M. Huseynova

摘要

Drought is a main stress factor in many regions of the world, negatively affects on growth, development and productivity of crops. Two-year (2022–2023 and 2023–2024) experiment was conducted to study the effect of drought stress on some biochemical, physiological parameters of bread wheat genotypes. Changes in the ultrastructure of the flag leaf were also studied by light and electron microscopic studies. Compared to irrigated plants, the amounts of proline and malondialdehyde increased in the leaves and roots of drought-stressed plants. After rehydration, the amount of mentioned compounds decreased. Rehydration also prevented a sharp decrease in grain yield of wheat genotypes. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and catalase activity also increased in leaves and roots of drought-stressed plants. Under drought stress conditions, flag leaf assimilation area, dry biomass, relative water content and pigments content decreased. The detection of significant amounts of proline, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in the tissues of irrigated plants indicates that the accumulation of these metabolites is not solely related to stressful conditions. Flag leaf of three drought-stressed genotypes (Gyrmyzy gul 1, Gobustan and 94–49) was studied at the ultrastructural level using both light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. When examining the flag leaf of Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotype, compared with the control, only irregular arrangement of chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of some mesophyll cells was noted. When examining the flag leaf of Gobustan genotype, compared with the control, the number of chloroplasts decreased sharply and some of them migration toward the center of the cell with mitochondria was detected. No pathology was observed in the thylakoids. When examining the flag leaf of 94–49 genotype, compared with the control, a noticeable damage on cellular and subcellular level was detected. The cristae of mesophyll cell mitochondria were not clearly visible, the outer membranes of chloroplasts expanded, and the thylakoid membranes were separated from each other. Although proline and malondialdehyde increased more in leaves and roots of Gyrmyzy gul 1 genotype in response to water stress, fewer ultrastructure changes indicated its drought tolerance.