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<p>Changing climatic conditions impact agriculture production globally, with abiotic stresses like heat, drought, chilling, and flooding adversely affecting plant growth and yield. Three major cereal grains, wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), and rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>), are widely consumed as staple foods and are greatly influenced by variations in climatic conditions, leading to considerable impacts on yield and production. This challenge can be overcome by utilizing food crops that demonstrate climate resilience and possess high nutritional value in the face of harsh environmental circumstances. Millets are considered ‘crops of the future’ that have the capacity to survive under harsh climatic conditions. This review examines the responses of millets to abiotic stress, with a particular emphasis on heat and water stress. Millets exhibit&#xa0;molecular regulations for stress adaptations, including induction of stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs), ion channels, metabolic pathways, activation of receptor kinase cascades, and phytohormones. These adaptations enhance their ability to withstand and adapt to various climate conditions. This review also covers insights into the application of biotechnology tools such as genetic transformation, gene editing, and microbes to further&#xa0;enhance the climate-reslience of&#xa0;millets. These might help enhance the nutritional value and optimize the key agronomic characteristics of millet crops. Applying these tools prudently can facilitate the understanding and advancement of climate-resilient millet crops in sustaining food and nutrition security.</p>

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Millets as climate-resilient crops: mitigating food and nutrient insecurity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月27日

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  • Nisha Thakur,
  • Madhusmita Dishri,
  • Amarjit K. Nath,
  • R. K. Chahota,
  • S. Antony Ceasar

摘要

Changing climatic conditions impact agriculture production globally, with abiotic stresses like heat, drought, chilling, and flooding adversely affecting plant growth and yield. Three major cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and rice (Oryza sativa), are widely consumed as staple foods and are greatly influenced by variations in climatic conditions, leading to considerable impacts on yield and production. This challenge can be overcome by utilizing food crops that demonstrate climate resilience and possess high nutritional value in the face of harsh environmental circumstances. Millets are considered ‘crops of the future’ that have the capacity to survive under harsh climatic conditions. This review examines the responses of millets to abiotic stress, with a particular emphasis on heat and water stress. Millets exhibit molecular regulations for stress adaptations, including induction of stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs), ion channels, metabolic pathways, activation of receptor kinase cascades, and phytohormones. These adaptations enhance their ability to withstand and adapt to various climate conditions. This review also covers insights into the application of biotechnology tools such as genetic transformation, gene editing, and microbes to further enhance the climate-reslience of millets. These might help enhance the nutritional value and optimize the key agronomic characteristics of millet crops. Applying these tools prudently can facilitate the understanding and advancement of climate-resilient millet crops in sustaining food and nutrition security.