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<p>Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant global threat to the environment, agriculture, and human health due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Exposure to these metals induces various morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants. Glycine betaine (GB) is crucial in mitigating abiotic stresses by acting as a compatible solute. This study examined the effects of 5&#xa0;mM&#xa0;GB treatment on wheat plants (HD2967 and HD3086) exposed to Cd (1100&#xa0;ppm) and As (225&#xa0;ppm). Cd and As toxicity substantially impaired growth parameters, including root and shoot length, plant biomass, and key biochemical traits such as total protein and carbohydrate content, lowering germination rates and seed viability. Moreover, these stress conditions increased stress-related biomarkers (phenol, MDA, and proline content). However, GB treatment effectively alleviated the negative impacts of Cd and As stress by improving growth, biomass, germination rate, and biochemical attributes. It also reduced stress biomarkers, suggesting that GB enhances stress resilience. In conclusion, GB application helps mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and As in both wheat varieties, promoting better plant growth, reducing oxidative stress, and potentially improving crop yield.</p>

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Glycine betaine-induced tolerance in wheat plant under Cd and As stress by optimizing growth and biochemical profile

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Sandeep Kumar,
  • Jyoti Sharma,
  • Sunder Singh Arya,
  • Anju Ahlawat,
  • Kirpa Ram

摘要

Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant global threat to the environment, agriculture, and human health due to their toxic and carcinogenic properties. Exposure to these metals induces various morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants. Glycine betaine (GB) is crucial in mitigating abiotic stresses by acting as a compatible solute. This study examined the effects of 5 mM GB treatment on wheat plants (HD2967 and HD3086) exposed to Cd (1100 ppm) and As (225 ppm). Cd and As toxicity substantially impaired growth parameters, including root and shoot length, plant biomass, and key biochemical traits such as total protein and carbohydrate content, lowering germination rates and seed viability. Moreover, these stress conditions increased stress-related biomarkers (phenol, MDA, and proline content). However, GB treatment effectively alleviated the negative impacts of Cd and As stress by improving growth, biomass, germination rate, and biochemical attributes. It also reduced stress biomarkers, suggesting that GB enhances stress resilience. In conclusion, GB application helps mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and As in both wheat varieties, promoting better plant growth, reducing oxidative stress, and potentially improving crop yield.