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<p>Alien plants significantly threaten biodiversity due to their competition with native plants for pollinators and their adaptive capacity for environmental changes. These alien plants often provide abundant floral resources that are more consistent over time than those of native plants, giving them an advantage in attracting floral visitors. In this study, we evaluated the temporal structure of interaction networks between specialist and generalist hummingbirds and native and alien plants in cloud forests, which are combined with shade coffee plantations in southern Mexico. We described the species composition of hummingbirds and both groups of&#xa0;plants and analyzed the structure of interaction networks during the dry and rainy seasons. We also assessed the relationship between the number of hummingbird interactions and the abundance of flowers produced by both groups of plants&#xa0;during both seasons. Our findings indicate that native plants had a higher number of interactions with hummingbirds in both seasons compared to&#xa0;alien plants. During the rainy season, generalist hummingbirds primarily interacted with alien plants, resulting in a more nested network structure. In contrast, specialist hummingbirds predominantly visited native plants during the dry season, leading to a more specialized network characterized by greater modularity and plant niche overlap. Flower abundance positively influenced the number of interactions in both seasons. These results highlight the importance of alien plants in montane ecosystems and their temporal role as a food resource for hummingbirds.</p>

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Differential responses of temporal interaction networks between specialist and generalist hummingbirds and native and alien plants in a Mexican cloud forest

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Daniela Bravo-Galindo,
  • Rosalba Rodríguez-Godínez,
  • Ana I. López-Flores,
  • Edson A. Alvarez-Alvarez,
  • R. Carlos Almazán-Núñez

摘要

Alien plants significantly threaten biodiversity due to their competition with native plants for pollinators and their adaptive capacity for environmental changes. These alien plants often provide abundant floral resources that are more consistent over time than those of native plants, giving them an advantage in attracting floral visitors. In this study, we evaluated the temporal structure of interaction networks between specialist and generalist hummingbirds and native and alien plants in cloud forests, which are combined with shade coffee plantations in southern Mexico. We described the species composition of hummingbirds and both groups of plants and analyzed the structure of interaction networks during the dry and rainy seasons. We also assessed the relationship between the number of hummingbird interactions and the abundance of flowers produced by both groups of plants during both seasons. Our findings indicate that native plants had a higher number of interactions with hummingbirds in both seasons compared to alien plants. During the rainy season, generalist hummingbirds primarily interacted with alien plants, resulting in a more nested network structure. In contrast, specialist hummingbirds predominantly visited native plants during the dry season, leading to a more specialized network characterized by greater modularity and plant niche overlap. Flower abundance positively influenced the number of interactions in both seasons. These results highlight the importance of alien plants in montane ecosystems and their temporal role as a food resource for hummingbirds.