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<p>Seed germination and initial seedling growth are key components of the germination niche that influence the distribution and abundance of plant species through abiotic and biotic filters. The success of these processes provides insight into the capacity of species to colonize and dominate specific habitats. The sympatric species <i>Copaifera langsdorffii</i> and <i>Copaifera oblongifolia</i> are widely distributed across Brazil; however, unlike <i>C. langsdorffii</i>, <i>C. oblongifolia</i> tends to form homogeneous stands in open areas where soils have been altered by practices such as harrowing or fertilization. In this context, we investigated the germination niche of <i>C. langsdorffii</i> and <i>C. oblongifolia</i> under edaphic and biotic filters through two complementary bioassays. The first assessed germination and seedling development under different soil conditions (eutrophic vs. dystrophic; buried vs. non-buried). The second evaluated the effects of four levels of seed damage caused by herbivores on germination and early seedling development. Results showed that <i>C. oblongifolia</i> seeds germinated faster when buried in dystrophic soils, whereas no germination occurred in eutrophic soils without burial. Across all soil conditions, <i>C. oblongifolia</i> allocated more resources to aerial growth during early development. Regarding biotic filters, <i>C. langsdorffii</i> seeds germinated more slowly when the aril was present, while <i>C. oblongifolia</i> consistently exhibited low germination probabilities under all levels of seed damage. Both high and low intensity herbivore damage reduced germination and early growth in both species. We conclude that the germination and early establishment of <i>C. oblongifolia</i> are more strongly influenced by environmental filters. Nevertheless, anthropogenic soils, particularly when nutritionally poor and combined with lower biotic pressures, favor its proliferation in modified habitats. These findings emphasize the importance of interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the reproductive success and spatial distribution of these species in both natural and human-altered ecosystems.</p>

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Germination and initial growth of native plants potentially invasive under edaphic and biotic filters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira,
  • Geraldo Wilson Fernandes,
  • Marcilio Fagundes

摘要

Seed germination and initial seedling growth are key components of the germination niche that influence the distribution and abundance of plant species through abiotic and biotic filters. The success of these processes provides insight into the capacity of species to colonize and dominate specific habitats. The sympatric species Copaifera langsdorffii and Copaifera oblongifolia are widely distributed across Brazil; however, unlike C. langsdorffii, C. oblongifolia tends to form homogeneous stands in open areas where soils have been altered by practices such as harrowing or fertilization. In this context, we investigated the germination niche of C. langsdorffii and C. oblongifolia under edaphic and biotic filters through two complementary bioassays. The first assessed germination and seedling development under different soil conditions (eutrophic vs. dystrophic; buried vs. non-buried). The second evaluated the effects of four levels of seed damage caused by herbivores on germination and early seedling development. Results showed that C. oblongifolia seeds germinated faster when buried in dystrophic soils, whereas no germination occurred in eutrophic soils without burial. Across all soil conditions, C. oblongifolia allocated more resources to aerial growth during early development. Regarding biotic filters, C. langsdorffii seeds germinated more slowly when the aril was present, while C. oblongifolia consistently exhibited low germination probabilities under all levels of seed damage. Both high and low intensity herbivore damage reduced germination and early growth in both species. We conclude that the germination and early establishment of C. oblongifolia are more strongly influenced by environmental filters. Nevertheless, anthropogenic soils, particularly when nutritionally poor and combined with lower biotic pressures, favor its proliferation in modified habitats. These findings emphasize the importance of interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in shaping the reproductive success and spatial distribution of these species in both natural and human-altered ecosystems.