<p>Floodplain lakes are important habitats for many aquatic organisms. Despite their ecological significance, these environments have increasingly been impacted by human activities. One of the affected groups includes macroinvertebrates, which inhabit a variety of environments, contribute to essential ecosystem services, and serve as bioindicators. To assess these impacts, we analyzed the effects of environmental factors, as well as land use and land cover, on the structure of the macroinvertebrate community in nine lakes in the cities of Santarém and Oriximiná. We measured pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, electrical conductivity, and turbidity. Additionally, we evaluated land use and land cover, classifying the areas into forests, non-forest natural formations, agricultural areas, urban areas, and temporary crops. Macroinvertebrates were collected along riverbank transects. Our results indicate that areas with greater forest cover and lower temperatures support a higher diversity of macroinvertebrates, while urbanized areas with higher temperatures and reduced vegetation cover have less diverse communities dominated by tolerant species. Few studies have examined the composition, richness, and distribution of macroinvertebrates, as well as assessments of their environmental impacts, in Amazonian clearwater lakes, hindering direct comparisons. Our findings provide insights into macroinvertebrate composition, richness, and abundance, as well as the influence of environmental variables land use/cover on these communities in Central Amazonian floodplain lakes.</p>