<p>The forest ecosystem offers a multitude of advantages to humans and the environment. However, the processes deforestation and degradation are currently transpiring swiftly due to the combined impact of natural and human factors. The current investigation endeavors to ascertain the degree of vulnerability present within the forest ecosystem in the UNESCO Global Geopark Dak Nong by employing the Ant Colony Optimization-Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ACO-ANFIS) model. In the particular study, fourteen indices were utilized to evaluate the level of vulnerability exhibited by the forest ecosystem in the UNESCO Global Geopark Dak Nong, taking into account the dynamics of land cover and land use (LCLU) as well as landscape fragmentation. The results revealed that the ACO-ANFIS model attained a remarkable level of performance with R²_train = 0.91; and RMSE = 2.67. Overall, the level of vulnerability observed within the forest ecosystem in the designated area is cause for concern, as nearly 50% of the forest area is subject to moderate to high levels of vulnerability, distributed across the entire region. These findings are essential as it provides valuable information for identify priority areas in need of conservation and restoration. Therefore, it is imperative to dedicate more attention to areas characterized by heightened vulnerability, particularly in the districts of Tuy Duc and Dak GLong, where agricultural activities and infrastructure development are rapidly expanding. The results of this current study can be utilized to inform decision-making processes and the management and protection of forest ecosystems, with the goal of minimizing vulnerability and maintain a harmonious equilibrium between economic development and environmental protection.</p>