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<p>Expansive soils undergo significant shrink–swell deformation with changes in moisture content, resulting in severe damage to road infrastructure and increased maintenance costs. This study evaluates the effectiveness of cassava peel ash (CPA), an agricultural by-product, used alone and blended with 3% lime, for stabilizing high-plasticity soil in road subgrades. Laboratory tests were performed to characterize Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swelling properties, and microstructure. Results indicate that 15% CPA reduces the liquid limit by 14% and the plasticity index by 31% via particle replacement and pozzolanic flocculation. The combination of 15% CPA and 3% lime provides superior stabilization, lowering the liquid limit and plasticity index to 51.54% and 24.33%, respectively. The composite binder significantly enhances mechanical performance: the 28-day UCS reaches 393.91&#xa0;kPa, representing a 226% improvement over untreated soil; the soaked CBR increases from 1.39 to 17.23%; and CBR swell and swelling pressure are reduced by 87% and 50%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the formation of cementitious compounds that fill soil pores and form a dense matrix. This sustainable approach valorizes agricultural waste, reduces reliance on conventional binders, lowers costs, and supports circular-economy road construction in cassava-producing regions.</p>

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Sustainable Stabilization of Road Subgrade Soils using Cassava Peel Ash and Lime

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月1日

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  • Eyerusalem Alkemayo Guchi,
  • Eleyas Assefa,
  • S. M. Assefa,
  • Nagessa Zerihun Jilo

摘要

Expansive soils undergo significant shrink–swell deformation with changes in moisture content, resulting in severe damage to road infrastructure and increased maintenance costs. This study evaluates the effectiveness of cassava peel ash (CPA), an agricultural by-product, used alone and blended with 3% lime, for stabilizing high-plasticity soil in road subgrades. Laboratory tests were performed to characterize Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), swelling properties, and microstructure. Results indicate that 15% CPA reduces the liquid limit by 14% and the plasticity index by 31% via particle replacement and pozzolanic flocculation. The combination of 15% CPA and 3% lime provides superior stabilization, lowering the liquid limit and plasticity index to 51.54% and 24.33%, respectively. The composite binder significantly enhances mechanical performance: the 28-day UCS reaches 393.91 kPa, representing a 226% improvement over untreated soil; the soaked CBR increases from 1.39 to 17.23%; and CBR swell and swelling pressure are reduced by 87% and 50%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms the formation of cementitious compounds that fill soil pores and form a dense matrix. This sustainable approach valorizes agricultural waste, reduces reliance on conventional binders, lowers costs, and supports circular-economy road construction in cassava-producing regions.