<p>In Iran, there are huge oil resources, and crude oil refining processes produce significant amounts of petroleum sludge (PS), so substantial quantities of this material are produced annually. Previous studies have indicated that the chemical compounds of the oil phase of PS are similar to those of bitumen. Additionally, the PS reduces the optimal bitumen content of the asphalt mixture and also contributes to energy savings by lowering the mixing and compaction temperatures. However, in previous studies, less than 10% PS was used, and no satisfactory studies have been conducted on asphalt mixtures. Therefore, this study examines the potential impacts of amounts greater than 10% PS on the rutting and moisture sensitivity of the asphalt mixture. The laboratory program of this research includes the use of 4 different amounts of PS (5, 10, 15, and 20%) relative to the weight of bitumen in the asphalt mixture and the performance of dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus, and Texas boiling water tests. Based on the results, from 0 to 15% PS, the flow number (FN) decreases from 2485 to 2139, the TSR ratio does not change significantly and is approximately 80%, the RMR ratio increases from 83.4 to 94.1%, and the stripping rate is about 2.56%. These results indicate that the rutting and moisture resistance of the mixtures containing up to 15% PS have been maintained at the level of the control sample. However, at 20% PS, all parameters have significantly decreased, indicating a notable reduction in rutting and moisture resistance. To complete this research, it is recommended to examine fatigue and self-healing; however, according to this research, PS can be utilized for modifying bitumen and asphalt mixtures.</p>