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<p>Plastic waste remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges due to its persistence and the lack of effective recycling solutions. This study explores the use of recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste as a binder substitute for cement in the production of eco-friendly paving blocks. The aim is to evaluate compressive strength, water absorption, density, and thermal resistance, as well as to determine the optimal mix composition that meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996). A quantitative experimental approach was employed, using six variations of LDPE-to-sand ratios and standard laboratory testing procedures. The results showed that the paving block made from a 40% plastic and 60% sand mixture achieved the highest average compressive strength of 11.09&#xa0;MPa, a low water absorption rate of 0.2%, and a density of 1.4&#xa0;g/cm³. The melting point of the product was recorded at 160&#xa0;°C. When expressed as a strength-to-weight ratio, the optimal mix reached 7.9&#xa0;MPa·cm³/g, outperforming conventional Grade D cement blocks. From a sustainability perspective, the production of 1&#xa0;m³ of blocks requires 560.64&#xa0;kg of LDPE plastic waste and eliminates the equivalent of ~ 0.24 t-CO₂ emissions by avoiding cement use. These findings confirm the viability of producing cement-free, thermoplastic-based paving blocks from recycled waste, offering a sustainable and scalable alternative for urban pavement applications.</p>

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Eco-friendly Cement-Free Paving Blocks from Recycled LDPE Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Solution for Urban Pavement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Zainuri Zainuri,
  • Indra Purnama,
  • Anisa Mutamima,
  • Yelmiza Yelmiza,
  • Amalia Amalia,
  • Muhammad Aziz

摘要

Plastic waste remains one of the most pressing environmental challenges due to its persistence and the lack of effective recycling solutions. This study explores the use of recycled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste as a binder substitute for cement in the production of eco-friendly paving blocks. The aim is to evaluate compressive strength, water absorption, density, and thermal resistance, as well as to determine the optimal mix composition that meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 03-0691-1996). A quantitative experimental approach was employed, using six variations of LDPE-to-sand ratios and standard laboratory testing procedures. The results showed that the paving block made from a 40% plastic and 60% sand mixture achieved the highest average compressive strength of 11.09 MPa, a low water absorption rate of 0.2%, and a density of 1.4 g/cm³. The melting point of the product was recorded at 160 °C. When expressed as a strength-to-weight ratio, the optimal mix reached 7.9 MPa·cm³/g, outperforming conventional Grade D cement blocks. From a sustainability perspective, the production of 1 m³ of blocks requires 560.64 kg of LDPE plastic waste and eliminates the equivalent of ~ 0.24 t-CO₂ emissions by avoiding cement use. These findings confirm the viability of producing cement-free, thermoplastic-based paving blocks from recycled waste, offering a sustainable and scalable alternative for urban pavement applications.