Sustainable Stabilization of Expansive Soil with Bone Ash: Experimental Evaluation and Modeling of Internal Friction Angle
摘要
The shear behavior of kaolin and bone-ash reinforced expansive soil under triaxial testing was investigated, focusing on the synergistic effects of these materials on the shear strength to promote eco-friendly practices and improve the mechanical behavior of expansive soils. Traditional chemical stabilization methods can be environmentally harmful, whereas using kaolin and bone ash offers a sustainable alternative. A reddish-brown clayey soil with high plasticity and low shear strength made up the soil sample. Kaolin and bone ash (BA) at varying percentages by mass were introduced in order to increase the soil’s shear parameters. The findings from the triaxial test results revealed that the optimum concentration was 10% kaolin and 8% bone ash, achieving the maximum bulk density and shear strength of the soil. Compared to the unblended expansive soil, which had a cohesion of 21 kPa and an angle of internal friction of 16.78°, the treated soil showed significant improvement, with a cohesion of 46 kPa and an angle of internal friction of 33.38° making it more stable and resistant to deformation. Additionally, regression analysis was employed to analyze the derived experimental data, predicting the shear strength of the stabilized soil with a r2 of 97.47%. The study concluded that using natural stabilizers like kaolin and bone ash can effectively enhance the engineering properties of expansive soils and mitigate the negative environmental and health impacts associated with traditional cement stabilization. This study promotes environmental friendliness and sustainability of utilizing waste materials like bone ash and natural supplementary cementitious materials like kaolin to improve the shear behavior of clayey soils.