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<p>This study explores the stabilization of clayey soil using mine waste (MW) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) to improve its suitability for pavement applications. Clayey soils in northern Karnataka, India, are known for their high compressibility and low bearing capacity, which pose challenges for road construction. Initially, MW was added in varying proportions (0–50%) to the soil, resulting in improved compaction characteristics, with the maximum dry unit weight increasing from 16.38 to 19.71 kN/m³. The California bearing ratio (CBR) also improved from 2.3 to 5.6%. However, the resulting strength was insufficient for high-volume roads. To further enhance performance, GBFS was incorporated (0–50%) into the optimum soil-MW mix (60:40). The addition of 30% GBFS increased the soaked CBR to 10%, significantly improving soil strength. Two pavement structures were designed: one with conventional granular layer (Pavement-I) and the other with cement-treated base layer (Pavement-II) and were analyzed using finite element modelling software. The IITPAVE and ABAQUS analysis indicated that Pavement-II exhibited lower compressive and tensile strains compared to Pavement-I. Life cycle cost analysis revealed a 36.91% reduction in total costs for Pavement-II compared to Pavement-I. Additionally, Life cycle assessment showed a 61.32% decrease in the total carbon footprint for Pavement-II, highlighting significant environmental benefits. The study promotes sustainable practices in pavement construction by utilizing locally available waste materials, contributing to cost savings and environmental conservation.</p>

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Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Mine and Industrial Waste: Economic and Environmental Benefits of Bituminous Concrete Pavement with Cement-Treated Base

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Shravan A. Kanalli,
  • Mohan H. Badiger,
  • Pratik Jaiswal,
  • Sureka Naagesh,
  • K. Ganesh,
  • Nagaraj Koppa

摘要

This study explores the stabilization of clayey soil using mine waste (MW) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) to improve its suitability for pavement applications. Clayey soils in northern Karnataka, India, are known for their high compressibility and low bearing capacity, which pose challenges for road construction. Initially, MW was added in varying proportions (0–50%) to the soil, resulting in improved compaction characteristics, with the maximum dry unit weight increasing from 16.38 to 19.71 kN/m³. The California bearing ratio (CBR) also improved from 2.3 to 5.6%. However, the resulting strength was insufficient for high-volume roads. To further enhance performance, GBFS was incorporated (0–50%) into the optimum soil-MW mix (60:40). The addition of 30% GBFS increased the soaked CBR to 10%, significantly improving soil strength. Two pavement structures were designed: one with conventional granular layer (Pavement-I) and the other with cement-treated base layer (Pavement-II) and were analyzed using finite element modelling software. The IITPAVE and ABAQUS analysis indicated that Pavement-II exhibited lower compressive and tensile strains compared to Pavement-I. Life cycle cost analysis revealed a 36.91% reduction in total costs for Pavement-II compared to Pavement-I. Additionally, Life cycle assessment showed a 61.32% decrease in the total carbon footprint for Pavement-II, highlighting significant environmental benefits. The study promotes sustainable practices in pavement construction by utilizing locally available waste materials, contributing to cost savings and environmental conservation.