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<p>The deterioration of roller-compacted concrete pavements (RCCP) due to its brittle nature, low tensile capacity, and poor freeze-thaw resistance presents a critical problem that limits its long-term durability and sustainability. In response to the growing demand for sustainable infrastructure, this study presents a comprehensive experimental and environmental evaluation of RCCP reinforced with natural fibers. Coconut and kenaf fibers were incorporated separately at volume fractions of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, and their effects on physical properties, mechanical performance, freeze-thaw durability, and environmental impacts were systematically assessed. Results showed that moderate fiber dosages (0.25–0.5%) enhanced tensile strength by up to 34% and flexural strength by up to 13%, while significantly improving post-cracking ductility and reducing drying shrinkage. Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity remained within structural limits at low fiber contents, although higher dosages reduced mechanical integrity due to increased porosity and fiber agglomeration. Durability assessments revealed that 0.5–0.75% coconut fiber mixes retained over 90% of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength after 300 freeze-thaw cycles, confirming improved resistance to cyclic freeze-thaw tests. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), conducted in accordance with ISO 14040-44 and EN 15,804 standards, identified cement as the primary environmental hotspot. Nevertheless, fiber-reinforced mixes, RCCP with 0.5% coconut fiber (RCCP-0.5CF), demonstrated enhanced environmental efficiency, achieving the lowest global warming potential (GWP) and abiotic depletion per megapascal (MPa) of tensile and flexural strength. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), using the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), confirmed RCCP-0.5CF as the most eco-efficient formulation, offering an optimal balance of mechanical performance, durability, and environmental responsibility. These findings highlight the potential of natural fiber-reinforced RCCP as a durable, high-performance, and low-carbon solution for sustainable pavement infrastructure.</p>

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Experimental Investigation of Sustainable Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement (RCCP) Reinforced with Natural Fibers: Mechanical Performance, Durability, and Environmental Impacts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Omid Hassanshahi,
  • Sanaz Kameli,
  • Reza Mohammadpour,
  • Mohammad Bakhshi,
  • Amir Mahboob

摘要

The deterioration of roller-compacted concrete pavements (RCCP) due to its brittle nature, low tensile capacity, and poor freeze-thaw resistance presents a critical problem that limits its long-term durability and sustainability. In response to the growing demand for sustainable infrastructure, this study presents a comprehensive experimental and environmental evaluation of RCCP reinforced with natural fibers. Coconut and kenaf fibers were incorporated separately at volume fractions of 0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%, and their effects on physical properties, mechanical performance, freeze-thaw durability, and environmental impacts were systematically assessed. Results showed that moderate fiber dosages (0.25–0.5%) enhanced tensile strength by up to 34% and flexural strength by up to 13%, while significantly improving post-cracking ductility and reducing drying shrinkage. Compressive strength and modulus of elasticity remained within structural limits at low fiber contents, although higher dosages reduced mechanical integrity due to increased porosity and fiber agglomeration. Durability assessments revealed that 0.5–0.75% coconut fiber mixes retained over 90% of compressive, tensile, and flexural strength after 300 freeze-thaw cycles, confirming improved resistance to cyclic freeze-thaw tests. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), conducted in accordance with ISO 14040-44 and EN 15,804 standards, identified cement as the primary environmental hotspot. Nevertheless, fiber-reinforced mixes, RCCP with 0.5% coconut fiber (RCCP-0.5CF), demonstrated enhanced environmental efficiency, achieving the lowest global warming potential (GWP) and abiotic depletion per megapascal (MPa) of tensile and flexural strength. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), using the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), confirmed RCCP-0.5CF as the most eco-efficient formulation, offering an optimal balance of mechanical performance, durability, and environmental responsibility. These findings highlight the potential of natural fiber-reinforced RCCP as a durable, high-performance, and low-carbon solution for sustainable pavement infrastructure.