<p>This study evaluates the effect of mechanical performance, durability, and microstructural features of self-compacting concrete (SCC) utilizing dimensional limestone slurry waste (DLSW). This novel approach is to develop SCC by utilizing DLSW as a sustainable alternative to natural fine aggregates (NFA). DLSW is incorporated at replacement levels of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, and SCC specimens are cast adhering to relevant standards. The mechanical properties of SCC, including compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths, were investigated at 28 days to ensure its suitability for the construction of concrete pavements. Carbonation, corrosion, pull-out, wetting-drying cycles, and drying shrinkage tests are conducted using standard procedures to assess durability. Carbonation, corrosion, and drying shrinkage tests are evaluated up to one year of SCC age to reveal insights on its performance during a longer service life. Furthermore, a microstructural investigation is performed to assess better information about the material’s microstructural behavior using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM investigated the surface morphology and internal structure of SCC at 0%, 30%, 45%, and 100% fine aggregate replacement with DLSW. Investigations revealed that all mechanical parameters of SCC improved at a replacement level of up to 30%, with compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths increasing by 9.07%, 3.93%, and 4.32%, respectively, compared to the control mix. However, compressive strength is observed higher than the control mix up to 45% replacement level. Furthermore, durability tests showed satisfactory results at replacement levels ranging from 45 to 60%, illustrating the potential of DLSW-incorporated SCC for long-term applications in transportation infrastructure. It has the potential to be a long-term solution for durable concrete pavements while also supporting environmental conservation and sustainable construction in transportation infrastructure development.</p>