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<p>Greenhouse gas emissions from the cement industry have led to alternative cement options in the construction sector. Additionally, the limited availability of virgin aggregates (VA) has led to the usage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in pavement construction. This study focused on the effective utilisation of RAP material as aggregates, along with two supplementary cementitious materials, namely, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fluidised catalytic cracking (FCC) unit residue, in open graded cement stabilised macadam (OGCSM). An OGCSM mix comprising 60% RAP and 40% VA with 7% cement was chosen as the control mix. The cement in the control mix was partially substituted with two SCMs, GGBFS (70%) in OGGSM and FCC (40%) in OGFSM. Since the OGCSM is designed to function as a subbase layer, the drainage characteristics were also studied in addition to other mechanical characteristics. The unconfined compressive strength of OGGSM was comparable to that of the control mix, whereas OGFSM mixes exhibited an increase of 18.5% after 28&#xa0;days of curing compared to the control mix, with coefficients of effective permeability of 155. 52&#xa0;m/day and 136.5&#xa0;m/day, respectively. The water resistance indices of OGGSM and OGFSM were 89% and 87%, greater than the Indian Road Congress recommended minimum value of 80%, indicating the durability of the mixes. Furthermore, the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure test confirmed that mixtures of RAP material and SCMs do not contaminate the groundwater, making them suitable as a drainage layer in pavements. The microstructural studies supported these experimental findings by identifying the hydration products through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as by quantifying mass loss using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings demonstrate that the OGGSM and OGFSM mixtures, incorporating RAP and SCMs, effectively function as subbase layers in pavements, contributing to sustainability goals in pavement construction.</p>

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Investigating the Effect of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on the Characteristics of Open Graded Cement Stabilised Macadam

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月15日

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  • Saranya Ullas,
  • C. S. Bindu

摘要

Greenhouse gas emissions from the cement industry have led to alternative cement options in the construction sector. Additionally, the limited availability of virgin aggregates (VA) has led to the usage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in pavement construction. This study focused on the effective utilisation of RAP material as aggregates, along with two supplementary cementitious materials, namely, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fluidised catalytic cracking (FCC) unit residue, in open graded cement stabilised macadam (OGCSM). An OGCSM mix comprising 60% RAP and 40% VA with 7% cement was chosen as the control mix. The cement in the control mix was partially substituted with two SCMs, GGBFS (70%) in OGGSM and FCC (40%) in OGFSM. Since the OGCSM is designed to function as a subbase layer, the drainage characteristics were also studied in addition to other mechanical characteristics. The unconfined compressive strength of OGGSM was comparable to that of the control mix, whereas OGFSM mixes exhibited an increase of 18.5% after 28 days of curing compared to the control mix, with coefficients of effective permeability of 155. 52 m/day and 136.5 m/day, respectively. The water resistance indices of OGGSM and OGFSM were 89% and 87%, greater than the Indian Road Congress recommended minimum value of 80%, indicating the durability of the mixes. Furthermore, the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure test confirmed that mixtures of RAP material and SCMs do not contaminate the groundwater, making them suitable as a drainage layer in pavements. The microstructural studies supported these experimental findings by identifying the hydration products through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as by quantifying mass loss using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The findings demonstrate that the OGGSM and OGFSM mixtures, incorporating RAP and SCMs, effectively function as subbase layers in pavements, contributing to sustainability goals in pavement construction.