Mechanical Response Characteristics of Concrete Runway Under Aircraft Impact Loadings Based on Tire-Pavement-Temperature Coupled Model

This study examined a Boeing 737-800 aircraft model and cement–concrete runways. Initially, a tyre-runway impact model was developed using the LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation-Dynamics) simulation software to investigate the mechanical responses of the tyre layers and pavement panels under a single aircraft landing load. Subsequently, the sensors were embedded within the runway to enable continuous monitoring of the pavement temperature field, and the internal temperature variation of the cement concrete slab over time was analysed. The measured temperature field data were then integrated into the model to establish an impact model based on tyre-runway-temperature coupling. Comparative analyses were conducted on the stress and displacement variations of pavement panels under the coupled action of temperature gradient (60, 40, 20, 10, − 10, − 20 m/℃) and loads. The study revealed that during aircraft landing impact, the belt plies and carcase within the aircraft’s tyre function as the primary load-bearing layers. In the runway concrete slab, the top layer primarily experiences compression, whereas the bottom layer experiences tension. Under positive temperature gradients, the stress on the runway surface from the synergistic effect of temperature and impact exceeded that caused by the impact load alone. Conversely, under negative temperature gradients, the tensile stress at the runway surface can mitigate the compressive stress from the impact load, resulting in lower overall stresses on the runway than those caused by the impact load alone.