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<p>Lithium-metal anodes offer exceptional energy density for fast-charging batteries, yet uncontrolled dendrite growth and electrolyte consumption critically impede practical deployment, especially in fast-charge regimes. Although two-dimensional (2D) MXenes, particularly Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub><i>x</i></sub>, exhibit strong lithiophilicity and high conductivity, conventional random stacking produces tortuous ion pathways and heterogeneous electric fields that fundamentally limit rate capability. This perspective systematically establishes how rational architectural design spanning nanoscale to macroscale can unlock the full potential of MXenes for high-rate lithium-metal anodes. The discussion progresses from directionally aligned configurations (horizontal and vertical orientations) to complex three-dimensional (3D) frameworks encompassing hierarchical networks, periodic arrays, and graded frameworks. For example, a vertically aligned host exhibits an overpotential of ~ 100&#xa0;mV at 20&#xa0;mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, while a 3D hierarchical network enables a symmetric-cell lifetime exceeding 3600&#xa0;h. These engineered architectures homogenize current distribution, reduce tortuosity, accommodate volumetric expansion, and stabilize the solid-electrolyte interphase under demanding operating conditions. Critical challenges in scalable manufacturing, long-term chemo-mechanical integrity, and realistic benchmarking are identified, alongside data-driven design strategies and operando characterization pathways essential for translating laboratory innovations into commercially viable high-rate lithium-metal batteries.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Perspective on MXene architectural arrangements for high-rate lithium-metal batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Qing Zhang,
  • Yanzhe Li,
  • Fumin Yang,
  • Zihan Zhao,
  • Yuanyuan Wang,
  • Chunfu Yan,
  • Yao Zhou,
  • Zhiwei Li,
  • Dongyang Zhao,
  • Yangchao Wang,
  • Yanguang Liu,
  • Junshan Lu,
  • Jia Hui,
  • Yongzheng Shi,
  • Zhe Chen

摘要

Lithium-metal anodes offer exceptional energy density for fast-charging batteries, yet uncontrolled dendrite growth and electrolyte consumption critically impede practical deployment, especially in fast-charge regimes. Although two-dimensional (2D) MXenes, particularly Ti3C2Tx, exhibit strong lithiophilicity and high conductivity, conventional random stacking produces tortuous ion pathways and heterogeneous electric fields that fundamentally limit rate capability. This perspective systematically establishes how rational architectural design spanning nanoscale to macroscale can unlock the full potential of MXenes for high-rate lithium-metal anodes. The discussion progresses from directionally aligned configurations (horizontal and vertical orientations) to complex three-dimensional (3D) frameworks encompassing hierarchical networks, periodic arrays, and graded frameworks. For example, a vertically aligned host exhibits an overpotential of ~ 100 mV at 20 mA cm−2, while a 3D hierarchical network enables a symmetric-cell lifetime exceeding 3600 h. These engineered architectures homogenize current distribution, reduce tortuosity, accommodate volumetric expansion, and stabilize the solid-electrolyte interphase under demanding operating conditions. Critical challenges in scalable manufacturing, long-term chemo-mechanical integrity, and realistic benchmarking are identified, alongside data-driven design strategies and operando characterization pathways essential for translating laboratory innovations into commercially viable high-rate lithium-metal batteries.

Graphical abstract