<p>The increasing upper voltage limit of LiCoO<sub>2</sub> (LCO) cathodes is an effective strategy to boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, it also exacerbates structural degradation. Conventional doping strategies employing high-mass low-diffusion elements often reduce crystal growth kinetics, resulting in polycrystalline secondary particles with compromised performance. In this study, an innovative grain boundary engineering approach using Li<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub> (LWO) as a modifier is presented to stabilize high-voltage LCO (W@LCO). During annealing, WO<sub>3</sub> transforms into highly conductive LWO, which is strategically localized at grain boundaries to serve as efficient “bridges” for enhanced performance. This modification yields three key advantages: (1) effective suppression of the irreversible O3-to-H1-3 phase transition occurring at high voltages, (2) significant improvement in valence stability of Co, and (3) maintenance of fast Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion kinetics during prolonged cycles. Consequently, the optimized W@LCO cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, achieving 158.9 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup> (84.4% capacity retention, 1C) after 200 cycles. This grain boundary enrichment strategy establishes a new paradigm for designing durable high-voltage layered cathodes, providing essential insights for the exploration of high-energy-density LIBs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Grain boundary engineering enables stable high-voltage LiCoO2 cathodes

  • Ze-Zhou Lin,
  • Yan-Hao Ren,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Zhao-Wen Bai,
  • Yang Ren,
  • Ye Zhu,
  • Pei-Yu Hou,
  • Hai-Tao Huang

摘要

The increasing upper voltage limit of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathodes is an effective strategy to boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); however, it also exacerbates structural degradation. Conventional doping strategies employing high-mass low-diffusion elements often reduce crystal growth kinetics, resulting in polycrystalline secondary particles with compromised performance. In this study, an innovative grain boundary engineering approach using Li2WO4 (LWO) as a modifier is presented to stabilize high-voltage LCO (W@LCO). During annealing, WO3 transforms into highly conductive LWO, which is strategically localized at grain boundaries to serve as efficient “bridges” for enhanced performance. This modification yields three key advantages: (1) effective suppression of the irreversible O3-to-H1-3 phase transition occurring at high voltages, (2) significant improvement in valence stability of Co, and (3) maintenance of fast Li+ diffusion kinetics during prolonged cycles. Consequently, the optimized W@LCO cathode exhibits exceptional electrochemical performance, achieving 158.9 mAh·g−1 (84.4% capacity retention, 1C) after 200 cycles. This grain boundary enrichment strategy establishes a new paradigm for designing durable high-voltage layered cathodes, providing essential insights for the exploration of high-energy-density LIBs.

Graphical abstract