Synthesis of barium titanate with narrow particle size distribution by the oxalate thermal decomposition method

Barium titanate was successfully synthesized through both the solid-state method and the oxalate thermal decomposition method. The differences in tetragonality and particle size between the two methods were discussed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and the laser diffraction method. The elemental content of the impurities ws characterized by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. Meanwhile, the influence of process parameters such as sintering temperature, aging time, and ball milling treatment on the morphology and size of powders was investigated. The results revealed that the oxalate thermal decomposition method could fabricate the BaTiO₃ with a narrow particle size distribution and high tetragonality. Additionally, ball milling treatment offered a significant advantage in reducing particle agglomeration caused by high sintering temperatures and in producing homogeneous BaTiO₃, which was suitable for industrial production.