Purpose <p>This study analyzes frost-damage risks to horticultural crops under changing climatic conditions and reviews practical protection strategies.</p> Methods <p>This review synthesizes climatological and observational data, physiological research on cold hardiness and crop-specific critical temperatures, meteorological studies of frost formation, and recent advances in frost-protection technologies. It also incorporates studies on frost- and damage-probability estimation and short-term frost prediction.</p> Results <p>Frost damage varies widely with crop species, developmental stage, and local microclimate, with buds and flowers being the most vulnerable organs. Passive strategies, including site selection, soil and canopy management, and cultivar choice, can reduce exposure risk. Active methods—such as heaters, wind machines, and over-canopy sprinkling—can effectively mitigate frost injury when operated under appropriate frost conditions. Recent empirical cooling-rate models, dew-point-based approaches, and energy-balance formulations provide practical tools for forecasting minimum temperatures and estimating freeze-injury likelihood based on crop-specific critical thresholds. However, their effectiveness depends strongly on frost type and site-specific conditions.</p> Conclusions <p>No single frost-protection strategy ensures adequate prevention. Integrated approaches combining microclimate monitoring, site-specific data, probabilistic risk assessment, predictive tools, and adaptive management are required to stabilize yields under climate variability. Effective frost protection therefore requires engineering solutions tailored to local conditions, supporting growers and engineers in sustaining agricultural productivity.</p>