<p>In the application research of a graphical error prevention system for the regional main network operation and maintenance, existing error prevention methods based on fixed threshold detection struggle to adapt to complex and changing operation and maintenance environments. There are problems such as frequent changes in error prevention logic, incomplete coverage of operation scenarios, and high risk of misjudgment, resulting in insufficient system operation security. Therefore, this article designs a graphical error prevention system for regional main network operation and maintenance based on the topological derivation method. In terms of hardware design, based on the actual application requirements of the error prevention system, a supporting architecture is constructed, and information communication functions are designed to achieve multi-terminal transmission and human-computer interaction of operation and maintenance information. In terms of software design, an intelligent deduction knowledge base for operation tickets and an error prevention rule knowledge base are established through the topological derivation method to achieve intelligent deduction of operation tickets. Combined with the operation rules and deduction results, graphical intelligent error prevention for regional main network operation and maintenance is completed. The test results show that the system significantly reduces operational risks in complex and changing environments. The operational risk in routine power grid maintenance tasks is 2.8, which is 37.78% lower than that of the fixed threshold method. The specificity is close to 1 at different search depths, and the system can effectively adapt to the complex and variable operating environment of the regional main network, improving system security.</p>