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<p>The <i>d</i>- and <i>q-</i>axis inductances are crucial parameters on interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines, which play an essential role in flux-weakening capability and reluctance torque for PM in-wheel machines. The <i>d</i>- and <i>q</i>-axis inductances have nonlinear characteristics obviously, especially for low length-diameter ratio. In this paper, a low length-diameter ratio double-layer magnet structure of an IPM machine is designed to meet the requirement of high torque density and space limitation for in-wheel machines. In addition, the analytical expression of the end-winding inductance, <i>d</i>- and <i>q</i>-axis inductances are deduced considering the magnetic flux leakage, and the inductance variation mechanism is revealed based on the analytical model. Then, the variation regularity of <i>d</i>- and <i>q</i>-axis inductances with some of the key parameters are analyzed and studied, such as phase current, stator structure, and so on. It is found that the negative-salient characteristic exists due to the grievous axial and radial leakage flux in IPM machines with low length-diameter ratio and oversaturation conditions. Finally, a 75&#xa0;kW IPM machine prototype is manufactured and tested to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.</p>

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Investigation of Inductance Variation Mechanism on PM In-Wheel Machine with Low Length-Diameter Ratio

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月20日

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  • Yanbo Lu,
  • Jie Liu,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Jian Huang

摘要

The d- and q-axis inductances are crucial parameters on interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines, which play an essential role in flux-weakening capability and reluctance torque for PM in-wheel machines. The d- and q-axis inductances have nonlinear characteristics obviously, especially for low length-diameter ratio. In this paper, a low length-diameter ratio double-layer magnet structure of an IPM machine is designed to meet the requirement of high torque density and space limitation for in-wheel machines. In addition, the analytical expression of the end-winding inductance, d- and q-axis inductances are deduced considering the magnetic flux leakage, and the inductance variation mechanism is revealed based on the analytical model. Then, the variation regularity of d- and q-axis inductances with some of the key parameters are analyzed and studied, such as phase current, stator structure, and so on. It is found that the negative-salient characteristic exists due to the grievous axial and radial leakage flux in IPM machines with low length-diameter ratio and oversaturation conditions. Finally, a 75 kW IPM machine prototype is manufactured and tested to confirm the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.