Multi-objective Tuna Swarm Optimization for Coordinated Allocation of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Photovoltaic Distributed Generators in Radial Distribution Systems

In recent years, there has been an increase in grid integration of photovoltaic-based distributed generation (PV-DG) systems and electric vehicles, driven by the desire to reduce energy costs and emissions. This article presents research on optimizing PV-DG to mitigate the adverse impact of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) load in a radial distribution system (RDS). A technology based on tuna swarm optimization is applied to investigate the coordinated optimal allocation of multiple PV-DGs (Type-1, Type-2, and Type-3) and EVCS in the best possible way thereby maintaining the optimal power flow in the RDS. This multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to minimize the active power loss, voltage deviation index and voltage stability index during the simultaneous placement of PV-DG and EVCS. The proposed technique is simulated in a MATLAB environment and tested on standard IEEE 33 and 69 bus systems. The results reveal the proposed algorithm's efficacy, with a significant reduction in real power loss (up to 98.16%), an improvement in voltage profile, and optimal sizing of PV-DGs to meet the increased EVCS load across all investigated scenarios when compared with other techniques. Additionally, the minimum voltage has been greatly increased, and all bus voltages are kept above the permissible limit. In general, the proposed optimization approach is found to be more effective and reliable for improving the performance of RDS in all aspects.