Aggregated Energy Interaction and Marketing for the Demand Side with Hybrid Energy Storage Units

An aggregated energy interaction and marketing strategy is developed for demand side energy communities (DSECs) with hybrid energy storage units, considering the grid friendly issue. The whole mechanism is built as a hierarchical scheme. On the upper-layer, an aggregator is responsible for managing all demand responses through a game based energy scheduling and marketing strategy. On the lower-layer, each user-level energy prosumer (EP) pursues its optimal energy economical goal by participating in aggregated energy interactions within the DSEC through the energy router. Aiming for coordinated operation with the main grid, both energy self-equilibrium and grid friendliness criteria are incorporated with the hierarchical energy interaction and marketing model. The double-layered nonlinear system model is then converted into one single-layer mixed integer linear programming model and solved by the Tabu search-Particle swarm optimization algorithm. Case studies show that with the presented energy scheduling and marketing strategy, energy costs on the end user side are significantly reduced. In the case studies, the energy cost of the three EPs decreased by 3, 8 and 3% respectively. When grid friendliness was taken into account, the DSECA’ revenue was 28% higher than before and the load rate rise from 36.46 to 48.15%.