A PV Power Forecasting Based on Mechanism Model-Driven and Stacking Model Fusion

Accurate short-term forecasting of photovoltaic power generation is crucial for power dispatching, capacity analysis, and unit commitment. Existing data-driven prediction algorithms have a certain impact on calculation speed and prediction accuracy, but they fail to consider the internal mechanism of photovoltaic power generation and have the risk of generalization. First, the fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm method was used for preprocessing of the PV sample set. The sample points with variability were categorized into different sample sets with less variability. Second, the photovoltaic mechanism model is added to the first layer learner of the Stacking framework to form a one-layer learner of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, Light Gradient Boosting model (LGBM), and mechanism-driven model. The mechanistic model limits PV generation to a reasonable range as a prediction constraint for the data-driven model. The proposed model can seize the useful inherent information from the mechanism model and utilize the ability of data analysis to extract the inexplicit linear relationship. Finally, the PV power and weather observation data collected from photovoltaic power stations located in a certain place in Germany are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.