Smart Vehicle-to-Grid Operation of Power System based on EV User Behavior

The power system is becoming increasingly complex due to the rise of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs), making it more challenging to maintain supply–demand balance. Relying on day-ahead power market planning has limitations in addressing the volatility caused by RESs, resulting in unnecessary reserve capacity consumption. The optimal utilization of flexible resources, including Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), is crucial to tackle these issues. Economic Dispatch (ED) plays a vital role in power system operation and planning, which has become even more significant with the growth of RESs and the widespread adoption of EVs. It introduces dynamic loads due to varying user behaviors, posing operational challenges for the power system. The integration of EVs into the grid through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is becoming increasingly important. This paper proposes a comprehensive solution for day-ahead and real-time application, considering the interconnection between EVs and RESs. It presents methods utilizing V2G to minimize operational costs in power systems.