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<p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>The nitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O yield in forest soils varying in soil pH and N deposition were studied.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>The temperate, neutral soil showed largest nitrification potential and N<sub>2</sub>O production.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Contributions of AOA to nitrification and N<sub>2</sub>O production increased with soil acidity.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>N deposition acidified subtropical soils, leading to the largest apparent N<sub>2</sub>O yield.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Chemical conversion of intermediates in acid condition explains such a high yield.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p><p>To understand large-scale drivers of soil nitrification and community-specific N<sub>2</sub>O yield in forest ecosystems, we collected five forest soils along a climatic gradient in China, differing in soil pH (4.07–6.44) and atmospheric N deposition. We conducted oxic soil slurry incubations with inhibitors to infer potential nitrification rates and N<sub>2</sub>O yields for ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and heterotrophic nitrification. The largest nitrification potential and N<sub>2</sub>O accumulation rate were observed in the temperate, circum-neutral soil. (Sub)tropical soils with low pH had relatively small nitrification rates with an increased contribution of AOA and heterotrophic nitrification to ammonia oxidation and N<sub>2</sub>O production. The smallest nitrification potential with largest apparent N<sub>2</sub>O yield (6.97%) was found in the most acidic subtropical forest soil, which also had the highest atmospheric N deposition. Ammonia oxidation kinetics showed nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) accumulation, suggesting inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) which together with chemical conversion of nitrification intermediates can explain the high apparent N<sub>2</sub>O yield of this soil. NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> production did not balance NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> consumption by autotrophic nitrification, strongly suggesting that acidic soils with high N deposition in subtropical China are a hotspot for nitrification-driven gaseous N loss, a substantial share of which emits as N<sub>2</sub>O. These findings highlight the need to incorporate N saturation status and microbial community dynamics into global models of forest N cycling and to refine N management strategies in regions experiencing high atmospheric N deposition.</p>

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Atmospheric N deposition drives high N2O yields of nitrification in acidic Chinese forest soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月18日

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  • Ruru Wang,
  • Peter Dörsch,
  • Jing Zhu

摘要

The nitrification and N2O yield in forest soils varying in soil pH and N deposition were studied.

The temperate, neutral soil showed largest nitrification potential and N2O production.

Contributions of AOA to nitrification and N2O production increased with soil acidity.

N deposition acidified subtropical soils, leading to the largest apparent N2O yield.

Chemical conversion of intermediates in acid condition explains such a high yield.

To understand large-scale drivers of soil nitrification and community-specific N2O yield in forest ecosystems, we collected five forest soils along a climatic gradient in China, differing in soil pH (4.07–6.44) and atmospheric N deposition. We conducted oxic soil slurry incubations with inhibitors to infer potential nitrification rates and N2O yields for ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and heterotrophic nitrification. The largest nitrification potential and N2O accumulation rate were observed in the temperate, circum-neutral soil. (Sub)tropical soils with low pH had relatively small nitrification rates with an increased contribution of AOA and heterotrophic nitrification to ammonia oxidation and N2O production. The smallest nitrification potential with largest apparent N2O yield (6.97%) was found in the most acidic subtropical forest soil, which also had the highest atmospheric N deposition. Ammonia oxidation kinetics showed nitrite (NO2−) accumulation, suggesting inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) which together with chemical conversion of nitrification intermediates can explain the high apparent N2O yield of this soil. NO2− and NO3− production did not balance NH4+ consumption by autotrophic nitrification, strongly suggesting that acidic soils with high N deposition in subtropical China are a hotspot for nitrification-driven gaseous N loss, a substantial share of which emits as N2O. These findings highlight the need to incorporate N saturation status and microbial community dynamics into global models of forest N cycling and to refine N management strategies in regions experiencing high atmospheric N deposition.