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<p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Combining organic and mineral fertilizer improves both SQI and EMF.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>C, N, and P nutrient availabilities and microbial biomass are key EMF drivers.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Organic fertilizer effectively alleviates the limitation of microbial P in soil.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Wheat yield increases with the SQI.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p><p>Organic-mineral fertilizer combination is a core sustainable agricultural strategy, but its regulatory mechanisms on soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remain unclear. This study examined 20% nitrogen reduction (RF) and 20% mineral fertilizer substitution with chicken (FF) or cow manure (MF) in north China plain croplands (2022–2023). Compared to conventional fertilization (CF), RF maintained baseline levels of most soil biochemical characteristics; however, it reduced C-acquisition enzyme activity and EMF in the topsoil (0–20 cm). In contrast, FF and MF increased the soil quality index (SQI, 19%–26%) and EMF (43%–62%) in the topsoil, with positive effects extending to the subsoil (20–40 cm). This was driven by the stimulation of C-, N-, and P-acquisition enzyme activities, alleviated microbial phosphorus limitation, enhanced bacterial diversity, and improved wheat yield by up to 15% relative to CF (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil enzyme activities had a direct, positive effect on both EMF and yield. Soil properties had a direct positive effect on yield (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and directly and indirectly affected EMF by influencing enzyme activities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). This study demonstrates organic substitution enhances soil quality, bacterial diversity, boosts EMF, and increases wheat yield, providing an effective approach for sustainable agriculture production.</p>

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Organic fertilizer substitution alleviates microbial resource limitations to enhance soil function and crop yields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Guiying Jiang,
  • Changwei Zhu,
  • Jin Yang,
  • Tianhao Wu,
  • Kees Jan van Groenigen,
  • Minggang Xu,
  • Chunwu Zhu,
  • Beibei Wang,
  • Mengru Wang,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Xiaolei Jie,
  • Haitao Liu,
  • Shiliang Liu

摘要

Combining organic and mineral fertilizer improves both SQI and EMF.

C, N, and P nutrient availabilities and microbial biomass are key EMF drivers.

Organic fertilizer effectively alleviates the limitation of microbial P in soil.

Wheat yield increases with the SQI.

Organic-mineral fertilizer combination is a core sustainable agricultural strategy, but its regulatory mechanisms on soil quality and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) remain unclear. This study examined 20% nitrogen reduction (RF) and 20% mineral fertilizer substitution with chicken (FF) or cow manure (MF) in north China plain croplands (2022–2023). Compared to conventional fertilization (CF), RF maintained baseline levels of most soil biochemical characteristics; however, it reduced C-acquisition enzyme activity and EMF in the topsoil (0–20 cm). In contrast, FF and MF increased the soil quality index (SQI, 19%–26%) and EMF (43%–62%) in the topsoil, with positive effects extending to the subsoil (20–40 cm). This was driven by the stimulation of C-, N-, and P-acquisition enzyme activities, alleviated microbial phosphorus limitation, enhanced bacterial diversity, and improved wheat yield by up to 15% relative to CF (p < 0.05). Partial least squares path modeling revealed that soil enzyme activities had a direct, positive effect on both EMF and yield. Soil properties had a direct positive effect on yield (p < 0.001) and directly and indirectly affected EMF by influencing enzyme activities (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates organic substitution enhances soil quality, bacterial diversity, boosts EMF, and increases wheat yield, providing an effective approach for sustainable agriculture production.