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<p><UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> <p>Distinct mechanisms regulate soil P availability under long-term N and P inputs.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>Microbial biomass and NaOH-Pi sustain soil available P under N fertilization.</p> </ItemContent> <ItemContent> <p>P fertilization increases soil available P mainly via direct input and labile Pi.</p> </ItemContent> </UnorderedList></p><p>Soil phosphorus (P) availability is essential for forest productivity and stability, yet the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) and P fertilization on its mobilization remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a 10-year field experiment in <i>Metasequoia glyptostroboides</i> plantations under a subtropical monsoon climate, assessing the responses of soil chemical property, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and P cycling indices and fractions to five independent levels each of N (0, 56, 168, 280, 336 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) and P (0, 7.8, 31, 93, 155 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) fertilization. P fertilization strongly increased available P and inorganic P fractions (Resin-Pi, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi, NaOH-Pi), while N fertilization had minimal direct effects. Under N fertilization, available P was primarily influenced by microbial biomass P and carbon, with NaOH-Pi as the dominant supply source. In contrast, under P fertilization, available P was regulated by total P, nitrate nitrogen, and organic carbon, with NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Pi, and NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-Po as key fractions. The direct effects of P fertilization, with a pathway coefficient of 0.37, slightly exceeded indirect effects. Overall, our decade-long fertilization trial shows that N fertilization sustains soil P availability chiefly through adaptive microbial processes, whereas P fertilization maintains it largely via direct nutrient inputs.</p>

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Contrasting effects of long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on phosphorus availability in soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Ran Tong,
  • Han Yu,
  • Nianfu Zhu,
  • Yongzhao Miao,
  • Song Chen,
  • Yeshi Zheng,
  • Tonggui Wu,
  • G. Geoff Wang,
  • Yakov Kuzyakov

摘要

Distinct mechanisms regulate soil P availability under long-term N and P inputs.

Microbial biomass and NaOH-Pi sustain soil available P under N fertilization.

P fertilization increases soil available P mainly via direct input and labile Pi.

Soil phosphorus (P) availability is essential for forest productivity and stability, yet the long-term effects of nitrogen (N) and P fertilization on its mobilization remain unclear. To address this, we conducted a 10-year field experiment in Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations under a subtropical monsoon climate, assessing the responses of soil chemical property, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and P cycling indices and fractions to five independent levels each of N (0, 56, 168, 280, 336 kg ha−1) and P (0, 7.8, 31, 93, 155 kg ha−1) fertilization. P fertilization strongly increased available P and inorganic P fractions (Resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), while N fertilization had minimal direct effects. Under N fertilization, available P was primarily influenced by microbial biomass P and carbon, with NaOH-Pi as the dominant supply source. In contrast, under P fertilization, available P was regulated by total P, nitrate nitrogen, and organic carbon, with NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po, NaHCO3-Pi, and NaHCO3-Po as key fractions. The direct effects of P fertilization, with a pathway coefficient of 0.37, slightly exceeded indirect effects. Overall, our decade-long fertilization trial shows that N fertilization sustains soil P availability chiefly through adaptive microbial processes, whereas P fertilization maintains it largely via direct nutrient inputs.