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<p>India produces approximately 17.89&#xa0;million tons of sugarcane trash annually, of which more than 60% is openly burned in fields. This practice leads to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, macronutrient depletion, and environmental degradation, but remains inadequately addressed in national residue management frameworks. This study aims to quantify emissions and nutrient losses from sugarcane trash burning using crop production data, residue coefficients, and emission factors. A residue-to-crop ratio of 0.4, dry matter content of 0.88, and burning fraction of 0.25 were used to estimate the combusted dry biomass. Emissions were calculated using standardized emission factors for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂-1585&#xa0;kg/t), Methane (CH₄-5.82&#xa0;kg/t), Carbon Monoxide (CO-102&#xa0;kg/t), and Nitrous Oxide (N₂O-0.1&#xa0;kg/t). India annually burns an estimated 1.574&#xa0;million tonnes of dry sugarcane residue, resulting in emissions of 2,494.9 tonnes of CO₂, 160.6 tonnes of CO, 9.16 tonnes of CH₄, and 0.157 tonnes of N₂O, translating to 12,204&#xa0;kg CO₂-equivalent per hectare. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka are identified as the largest emitters. Nutrient losses were estimated at 11,018 tonnes of nitrogen, 1,889 tonnes of phosphorus, and 34,629 tonnes of potassium annually, averaging 51–77&#xa0;kg/ha. The findings highlight the urgent need for sugarcane-specific policy frameworks that integrate composting, biochar, and bioethanol pathways. Immediate attention to infrastructure development, incentive mechanisms, and awareness campaigns can transform sugarcane biomass from an emissions liability into a sustainable bioresource aligned with India’s climate goals and circular economy ambitions.</p>

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Sugarcane Trash Burning in India: Environmental, Climate, and Policy Challenges with Sustainable Management Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Prashant Ravish,
  • Smita Chaudhry

摘要

India produces approximately 17.89 million tons of sugarcane trash annually, of which more than 60% is openly burned in fields. This practice leads to significant greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, macronutrient depletion, and environmental degradation, but remains inadequately addressed in national residue management frameworks. This study aims to quantify emissions and nutrient losses from sugarcane trash burning using crop production data, residue coefficients, and emission factors. A residue-to-crop ratio of 0.4, dry matter content of 0.88, and burning fraction of 0.25 were used to estimate the combusted dry biomass. Emissions were calculated using standardized emission factors for Carbon Dioxide (CO₂-1585 kg/t), Methane (CH₄-5.82 kg/t), Carbon Monoxide (CO-102 kg/t), and Nitrous Oxide (N₂O-0.1 kg/t). India annually burns an estimated 1.574 million tonnes of dry sugarcane residue, resulting in emissions of 2,494.9 tonnes of CO₂, 160.6 tonnes of CO, 9.16 tonnes of CH₄, and 0.157 tonnes of N₂O, translating to 12,204 kg CO₂-equivalent per hectare. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka are identified as the largest emitters. Nutrient losses were estimated at 11,018 tonnes of nitrogen, 1,889 tonnes of phosphorus, and 34,629 tonnes of potassium annually, averaging 51–77 kg/ha. The findings highlight the urgent need for sugarcane-specific policy frameworks that integrate composting, biochar, and bioethanol pathways. Immediate attention to infrastructure development, incentive mechanisms, and awareness campaigns can transform sugarcane biomass from an emissions liability into a sustainable bioresource aligned with India’s climate goals and circular economy ambitions.