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<p>This invention is directly aligned with the UN SDGs 6 and 14 as it aims to provide cleaner water using sustainable materials. This paper builds on our previous research which has established that calcium alginate thin films from <i>S. natans</i> can be successfully used for metal remediation. However, these films are naturally impermeable at 1–10 bars due to the high gelling ability of sodium alginate from <i>S. natans</i>. Thus, this study seeks to determine a method for fabricating a permeable film for the first time using porogens which allowed for flux at low pressures of 1–10 bars. From our porogenic studies, LiCl was determined to be the most suitable with a maximum flux of 368.52 LMH bar<sup>−1</sup> at an optimum thickness of 57 µm and a rupture pressure of &gt; 10 bars. The adsorption of Pb<sup>2+</sup> onto these optimized films in a static and dynamic system followed a Langmuir-type adsorption process with a static adsorption capacity of 82 mg g<sup>−1</sup> and a dynamic capacity of 120.5 mg<sup>−1</sup>. From FTIR, no changes in functionality were observed after the introduction of LiCl to the film; however, SEM revealed a sponge-like surface and finger-like projections as a result of phase inversion (Hussein, Mubarak et al. <CitationRef CitationID="CR15">2024</CitationRef>). The film was successfully regenerated, and a brief scale-up and cost–benefit analysis was conducted. From this study, calcium alginate thin films produce an ultra-high flux and adsorption, resulting in the fabrication of a novel invention which can be used to replace synthetic commercial alternatives.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Ultra-Selective High-Flux Thin Film Synthesized from Pelagic Sargassum natans for the Removal of Pb2+ from Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Chantal Mohammed,
  • Rajiv Budhooram

摘要

This invention is directly aligned with the UN SDGs 6 and 14 as it aims to provide cleaner water using sustainable materials. This paper builds on our previous research which has established that calcium alginate thin films from S. natans can be successfully used for metal remediation. However, these films are naturally impermeable at 1–10 bars due to the high gelling ability of sodium alginate from S. natans. Thus, this study seeks to determine a method for fabricating a permeable film for the first time using porogens which allowed for flux at low pressures of 1–10 bars. From our porogenic studies, LiCl was determined to be the most suitable with a maximum flux of 368.52 LMH bar−1 at an optimum thickness of 57 µm and a rupture pressure of > 10 bars. The adsorption of Pb2+ onto these optimized films in a static and dynamic system followed a Langmuir-type adsorption process with a static adsorption capacity of 82 mg g−1 and a dynamic capacity of 120.5 mg−1. From FTIR, no changes in functionality were observed after the introduction of LiCl to the film; however, SEM revealed a sponge-like surface and finger-like projections as a result of phase inversion (Hussein, Mubarak et al. 2024). The film was successfully regenerated, and a brief scale-up and cost–benefit analysis was conducted. From this study, calcium alginate thin films produce an ultra-high flux and adsorption, resulting in the fabrication of a novel invention which can be used to replace synthetic commercial alternatives.

Graphical Abstract