Durability and Strength Enhancement in Concrete Using Steel Slag as Fine Aggregate Replacement

Steel slag, an industrial byproduct from steel manufacturing, is generated abundantly through electric arc furnaces (EAF) and basic oxygen furnaces (BOF), presenting a potential alternative to natural aggregates in the construction industry. The heightened scarcity of natural aggregates, alongside production and transportation challenges, accentuates the need for a more deliberate exploration of steel slag’s applications. While steel slag is currently utilized as aggregate in hot mix asphalt, its potential as a replacement for both fine and coarse aggregates in conventional concrete remains underexplored and merits further investigation. With the majority of concrete comprising aggregates, the substitution of natural aggregates with steel slag holds substantial promise for environmental benefits. This study delves into the distinctive physical and chemical properties of metallurgical slags, exploring diverse possibilities for their application in industrial sectors and civil constructions. Specifically, the focus is on utilizing iron slag as a partial replacement for sand in concrete, showcasing integration avenues and highlighting potential advantages. The research evaluates concrete’s strength and durability across replacement levels ranging from 0 to 50% of fine aggregates. Key metrics assessed include workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, water permeability, and rapid chloride permeability. The findings demonstrate significant enhancements in concrete properties with iron slag substitution, highlighting its potential to support sustainable construction practices and improve environmental outcomes in concrete production.