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<p>To develop high-performance lubricants, this study investigates polyamide 6 (PA6) as a solid additive in urea-based greases (UBGs). The tribological performance of UBGs containing varying concentrations of PA6 was evaluated at different temperatures using an HSR-2&#xa0;M high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester. The structure and composition of PA6 and the worn surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 3D laser scanning microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and focused ion beam techniques to elucidate the underlying friction and wear mechanisms. The results demonstrate that PA6 significantly enhances the lubricating performance of UBGs. At an optimal concentration of 0.2 wt% PA6 and 40&#xa0;°C, the friction coefficient was reduced by 7.6%, and the wear volume decreased by 50.9% compared to base UBG. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a tribofilm on the steel surface, driven by interactions between PA6 microspheres and the grease matrix. Upon contact, PA6 adsorbs and deposits on the steel surface, promoting the formation of a continuous lubricating film. This film enhances the film-forming capacity of the base grease, minimizes direct ball–disk contact, and effectively reduces friction and wear.</p>

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Tribological behavior and mechanism of polyamide particles in urea-based grease at different temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Chuan Li,
  • Wenqi Zhang,
  • Zhilin Fang,
  • Shike Chang,
  • Xiaodong Wang,
  • Xu Tan,
  • Yijun Chen,
  • Enzhu Hu,
  • Xiaoyong Xu

摘要

To develop high-performance lubricants, this study investigates polyamide 6 (PA6) as a solid additive in urea-based greases (UBGs). The tribological performance of UBGs containing varying concentrations of PA6 was evaluated at different temperatures using an HSR-2 M high-speed reciprocating friction and wear tester. The structure and composition of PA6 and the worn surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 3D laser scanning microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and focused ion beam techniques to elucidate the underlying friction and wear mechanisms. The results demonstrate that PA6 significantly enhances the lubricating performance of UBGs. At an optimal concentration of 0.2 wt% PA6 and 40 °C, the friction coefficient was reduced by 7.6%, and the wear volume decreased by 50.9% compared to base UBG. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a tribofilm on the steel surface, driven by interactions between PA6 microspheres and the grease matrix. Upon contact, PA6 adsorbs and deposits on the steel surface, promoting the formation of a continuous lubricating film. This film enhances the film-forming capacity of the base grease, minimizes direct ball–disk contact, and effectively reduces friction and wear.