<p>Using durian shell as a carbon source and triethanolamine as a nitrogen dopant, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were prepared via the hydrothermal method. First, by exploring different reaction times, reaction temperatures, and carbon source/dopant ratios to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots, it is concluded that the best process conditions are 200 ℃, reaction time being 15h, and the dopant addition amount being 2mL. Structure and characteristics of the synthesized CDs were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence (FL), ultraviolet–visible absorption, and Raman spectra. The N-CDs showed blue FL with a quantum efficiency of 4.28%. The FL characteristics of the N-CDs were utilized for ion detection, which demonstrated that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42823_2024_848_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42823_2024_848_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Cr</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> ions caused distinct FL quenching through static quenching, while other ions had no significant quenching effect. The detection limits for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42823_2024_848_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="49" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mtext>MnO</mtext> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="42823_2024_848_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="56" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mtext>Cr</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo>-</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> were 37.5 and 46.2 nM, respectively. The N-CDs were subsequently employed to detect these ions in actual water samples, producing satisfactory results. Therefore, the preparation of N-CDs using durian shell as raw material and its application in practical detection work have good application feedback, which not only provides a new way for the reuse of fruit and vegetable wastes but also provides a new detection means for environmental monitoring pollutants.</p>

Synthesis of durian shell-based carbon dots and its application in the detection of ${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$and ${\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }$

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发表日期：

2025年1月21日

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Chaoshuai Hu,
Yuanxin Liu,
Jian Zhang,
Yaming Zhu,
Xitao Yin,
Xuefei Zhao

摘要

Using durian shell as a carbon source and triethanolamine as a nitrogen dopant, nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were prepared via the hydrothermal method. First, by exploring different reaction times, reaction temperatures, and carbon source/dopant ratios to synthesize nitrogen-doped carbon dots, it is concluded that the best process conditions are 200 ℃, reaction time being 15h, and the dopant addition amount being 2mL. Structure and characteristics of the synthesized CDs were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, fluorescence (FL), ultraviolet–visible absorption, and Raman spectra. The N-CDs showed blue FL with a quantum efficiency of 4.28%. The FL characteristics of the N-CDs were utilized for ion detection, which demonstrated that ${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$ ${MnO}_{4}^{-}$ and ${\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }$ ${Cr}_{2} O_{7}^{2 -}$ ions caused distinct FL quenching through static quenching, while other ions had no significant quenching effect. The detection limits for ${\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }$ ${MnO}_{4}^{-}$ and ${\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }$ ${Cr}_{2} O_{7}^{2 -}$ were 37.5 and 46.2 nM, respectively. The N-CDs were subsequently employed to detect these ions in actual water samples, producing satisfactory results. Therefore, the preparation of N-CDs using durian shell as raw material and its application in practical detection work have good application feedback, which not only provides a new way for the reuse of fruit and vegetable wastes but also provides a new detection means for environmental monitoring pollutants.

Synthesis of durian shell-based carbon dots and its application in the detection of \({\text{MnO}}_{4}^{ - }\)and \({\text{Cr}}_{{2}} {\text{O}}_{7}^{2 - }\)

摘要