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<p>This study evaluates ground failure risks at four artisanal gold mining (AGM) sites in Ethiopia (Hitsats, May Silay, Bareta, and Debrebizen) through field assessments, laboratory analysis, and slope stability modeling. The research aims to identify site-specific geotechnical hazards and propose targeted mitigation strategies to enhance safety and sustainability in AGM operations. Field investigations included geotechnical characterization of rock masses and soils, complemented by laboratory tests to determine physical and mechanical properties. Slope stability was assessed using empirical methods (e.g., Geotechnical Strength Index, GSI) and analytical modeling under varying conditions (dry v<sub>s</sub>. saturated). Soil plasticity, particle size distribution, and fracture systems were analyzed to evaluate failure mechanisms. Ground failure mechanisms varied across sites: unstable alluvium caused collapses at Hitsats; weathered, low-GSI rocks led to circular failures in May Silay and Bareta, especially when saturated; while Debrebizen's competent rock mass experienced fracture-controlled planar/wedge failures. Dry conditions ensured stability at Bareta and May Silay, but saturation increased risks, and Debrebizen required targeted support for discontinuities. The study establishes a direct correlation between lithology, geotechnical properties, and failure modes in AGM contexts, providing a framework for site-specific risk assessment in understudied artisanal mining regions. Key recommendations include bench mining for weak zones (May Silay, Bareta), rock bolting and drainage for fractured areas (Debrebizen), and safety training/regulations. Integrating these technical and policy measures can reduce risks while maintaining artisanal mining's economic viability.</p>

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Evaluating ground failure risks and implementing safety strategies in extreme mining environments: Insights from Northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Hagos Abraha Tesfay,
  • Kifle Woldearegay,
  • Gebremedhin Berhane,
  • Nageswararao Cheepurupalli,
  • Assefa Hailesilasie Wolearegay,
  • Mulubrhan Kebede,
  • Werede Girmay,
  • Yewuhalashet Fissha

摘要

This study evaluates ground failure risks at four artisanal gold mining (AGM) sites in Ethiopia (Hitsats, May Silay, Bareta, and Debrebizen) through field assessments, laboratory analysis, and slope stability modeling. The research aims to identify site-specific geotechnical hazards and propose targeted mitigation strategies to enhance safety and sustainability in AGM operations. Field investigations included geotechnical characterization of rock masses and soils, complemented by laboratory tests to determine physical and mechanical properties. Slope stability was assessed using empirical methods (e.g., Geotechnical Strength Index, GSI) and analytical modeling under varying conditions (dry vs. saturated). Soil plasticity, particle size distribution, and fracture systems were analyzed to evaluate failure mechanisms. Ground failure mechanisms varied across sites: unstable alluvium caused collapses at Hitsats; weathered, low-GSI rocks led to circular failures in May Silay and Bareta, especially when saturated; while Debrebizen's competent rock mass experienced fracture-controlled planar/wedge failures. Dry conditions ensured stability at Bareta and May Silay, but saturation increased risks, and Debrebizen required targeted support for discontinuities. The study establishes a direct correlation between lithology, geotechnical properties, and failure modes in AGM contexts, providing a framework for site-specific risk assessment in understudied artisanal mining regions. Key recommendations include bench mining for weak zones (May Silay, Bareta), rock bolting and drainage for fractured areas (Debrebizen), and safety training/regulations. Integrating these technical and policy measures can reduce risks while maintaining artisanal mining's economic viability.