Recent advances of electrochemical sensors on microneedles

In the medical field, biosensors are essential for disease diagnosis and health monitoring, with the COVID-19 pandemic significantly increasing the need for simple and rapid diagnostic tools. Microneedle technology has opened new possibilities for minimally invasive methods to deliver drugs or measure biosignals through the epidermal layer. Although various biosensors have evolved, this paper aimed to explore electrochemical microneedle sensors based on the principle of electrochemical measurement. It classified electrochemical microneedle sensors by electrode configuration and examines research trends related to various bodily substances that can be measured, such as neurotransmitters, glucose, lactate, and cholesterol. These sensors could serve as a crucial component in different medical fields, including Parkinson’s disease management, diabetes monitoring, and cardiovascular disease diagnosis, significantly contributing to the advancement of healthcare technology. The convenience, sensitivity and minimally invasive nature of electrochemical microneedle sensors hold the potential for further development in various healthcare applications.