Microneedle electrodes for bio-potential health monitoring

The precise measurement of bio-potential signals using microneedle electrodes is essential for understanding health conditions, diagnosing diseases, and monitoring treatments. As microfabrication technologies continue to advance, microneedle electrodes produced in mass production have emerged as significant innovations in the field. They are characterized by their small size, high sensitivity, and minimal invasiveness to the skin. This review discusses the technical principles, developmental progress, and recent research trends of microneedle electrodes suitable for measuring human bio-potential signals and their future application prospects.