The prevention of piping mechanical failures by stress analysis: a review of codes and standards

Oil and gas plants require piping components and systems to transport fluids and gases. A number of factors affect piping, including pressure, temperature, load, and flow. The purpose of this study is to prevent mechanical failure of piping as a result of mechanical loads. As part of the proper design of piping systems, a comprehensive analysis of their performance under a variety of loads is conducted, which is called a piping stress analysis. The aim of this study is to prevent piping failures caused by mechanical loads. This is done by applying stress analysis based on piping codes and standards, as well as relevant existing literature. The methods and materials selection are further divided into five sections to achieve the aim and objectives; the first part examines piping stress analysis against principal stresses, the second part examines stress analysis against sustained loads, and the third section examines occasional load analysis. The fourth part of the study focuses on the analysis of piping stresses under displacement stresses. The final part focuses on the analysis of stresses related to piping reaction forces.