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<p>This study presents a hydrolysis time-mediated strategy for engineering the pore and defect structure of biochar derived from lavender straw nanocellulose. The biochar obtained at the optimal hydrolysis duration of 3&#xa0;h (CLN-3) exhibits a developed mesoporous network (46.36 m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>) and abundant oxygen vacancies, leading to exceptional ethylene glycol (EG) sensing performance at room temperature: a high response of 17,576.67%, a low detection limit of 0.36&#xa0;ppm, and stable operation over 40&#xa0;days. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that calcium doping enhances the adsorption energy of EG from − 0.13674&#xa0;eV to − 0.39508&#xa0;eV, facilitating interfacial charge transfer. This work provides a green and controllable route to transform agricultural waste into high-performance sensing materials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hydrolysis time-controlled pore and defect engineering in nanocellulose-derived biochar for enhanced ethylene glycol sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Yichen Gong,
  • Cong Liang,
  • Qihua Sun,
  • Ping Hu,
  • Yan Li,
  • Junxi Cheng,
  • Chang Liu,
  • Bing Gao,
  • Hua Zhuo,
  • Zhaofeng Wu

摘要

This study presents a hydrolysis time-mediated strategy for engineering the pore and defect structure of biochar derived from lavender straw nanocellulose. The biochar obtained at the optimal hydrolysis duration of 3 h (CLN-3) exhibits a developed mesoporous network (46.36 m2 g−1) and abundant oxygen vacancies, leading to exceptional ethylene glycol (EG) sensing performance at room temperature: a high response of 17,576.67%, a low detection limit of 0.36 ppm, and stable operation over 40 days. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that calcium doping enhances the adsorption energy of EG from − 0.13674 eV to − 0.39508 eV, facilitating interfacial charge transfer. This work provides a green and controllable route to transform agricultural waste into high-performance sensing materials.

Graphical Abstract