<p>Using nanozeolite-coupled biochar-based phosphate fertilizers (NanoBP) has been proposed as a promising strategy to improve phosphorus-use efficiency in intensive crop systems, yet the effects of NanoBP on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and its temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) in forests remain poorly understood. In this 56-day incubation study, we examined how NanoBP and conventional chemical phosphorus fertilizer (CP), supplying comparable amounts of phosphorus, influenced SOC mineralization and its apparent Q₁₀ in a Moso bamboo forest soil. Compared with the unfertilized control, CP application increased SOC-derived CO₂ emissions but showed little effect on Q₁₀. In contrast, NanoBP lowered SOC mineralization rates and Q₁₀ across both active and slow carbon pools. Variations in Q₁₀ were primarily driven by microbial enzyme activities and the abundance of cellulolytic functional genes. Despite higher soil microbial biomass and phosphorus availability, NanoBP suppressed β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities and reduced the abundance of <i>GH48</i> and <i>cbh</i>I genes. These findings indicate that NanoBP may dampen the Q₁₀ through constraining microbial functional traits. The study provides mechanistic insights into SOC mineralization responses under controlled conditions and may inform carbon management strategies in intensively managed bamboo forests, pending field-scale validation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>