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<p>Bacillus species are prolific producers of biosurfactants with promising environmentally sustainable applications. In this study, biosurfactant production by the wheat endophytic <i>Bacillus</i> sp. WL2-23, isolated in a previous study, was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array design. Eighteen media formulations were evaluated by varying carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature. The optimal medium (glycerol and peptone at pH 8 and 30&#xa0;°C, 120&#xa0;rpm) yielded maximum biosurfactant production utilizing a 2% (v/v) inoculum. The crude biosurfactant exhibited high emulsification indices (&gt; 80%) against various hydrocarbons (toluene, hexane, kerosene, and petrol) and demonstrated the highest oil displacement activity. Furthermore, the biosurfactant maintained stability across broad pH (4–9) and temperature (4–100&#xa0;°C) ranges, although activity declined under saline conditions, completely disappearing at 7% NaCl. Preliminary structural characterization using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested the presence of lipid and peptide moieties, indicating a lipopeptide-like nature. Additionally, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. WL2-23 exhibited substantial growth in medium containing diesel as the sole carbon source. Supplementation with its partially purified biosurfactant (30&#xa0;µg mL⁻¹) significantly enhanced this bacterial growth. The results highlight the robust biosurfactant-producing potential of the wheat endophyte <i>Bacillus</i> sp. WL2-23 and suggest its potential utility in supporting microbial growth in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments.</p>

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Optimization, partial characterization, and application of a biosurfactant produced by the wheat endophytic Bacillus sp. WL2-23

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Anamika Jha,
  • Srushti Kachhiya,
  • Shivangikumari Chaudhari,
  • Nishita Master,
  • Janki K. Patel

摘要

Bacillus species are prolific producers of biosurfactants with promising environmentally sustainable applications. In this study, biosurfactant production by the wheat endophytic Bacillus sp. WL2-23, isolated in a previous study, was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array design. Eighteen media formulations were evaluated by varying carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, and temperature. The optimal medium (glycerol and peptone at pH 8 and 30 °C, 120 rpm) yielded maximum biosurfactant production utilizing a 2% (v/v) inoculum. The crude biosurfactant exhibited high emulsification indices (> 80%) against various hydrocarbons (toluene, hexane, kerosene, and petrol) and demonstrated the highest oil displacement activity. Furthermore, the biosurfactant maintained stability across broad pH (4–9) and temperature (4–100 °C) ranges, although activity declined under saline conditions, completely disappearing at 7% NaCl. Preliminary structural characterization using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested the presence of lipid and peptide moieties, indicating a lipopeptide-like nature. Additionally, Bacillus sp. WL2-23 exhibited substantial growth in medium containing diesel as the sole carbon source. Supplementation with its partially purified biosurfactant (30 µg mL⁻¹) significantly enhanced this bacterial growth. The results highlight the robust biosurfactant-producing potential of the wheat endophyte Bacillus sp. WL2-23 and suggest its potential utility in supporting microbial growth in hydrocarbon-contaminated environments.