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<p><i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> is an emerging zoonotic foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans. A total of 361 samples including water (<i>n</i> = 195) and foods of animal and aquatic origin (<i>n</i> = 166) collected from tribal dwelling areas of Northeastern India were screened for the microbiological presence of <i>A. hydrophila</i>. Upon presumptive identification and molecular confirmation, the overall occurrence was 8.31% (30/361) with the highest rate observed in edible snails (13/38, 38.24%), followed by fish (4/14, 28.57%), pork (5/18, 27.78%), chicken (5/100, 20.0%) and domestic tap water (3/195, 1.54%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 13.33% (4/30) of the isolates, with the highest phenotypic resistance observed against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (15/30, 50.00%). Phenotypic virulence, ascertained using adhesion forming ability, identified five isolates with strong ability out of 76.67% (23/30) isolates which harboured the ability to form adhesions on abiotic surfaces. Serine protease (<i>ser</i>) gene featured as the predominant virulence gene (23/30, 76.67%) among the isolates followed by <i>act</i> (16/30, 53.33%) which codes for cytotoxic toxin. Heatmap analysis with hierarchical clustering as well as Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based fingerprinting indicated wide genetic diversity among the isolates. Overall, the study highlights the emergence and circulation of adhesion-forming, multidrug-resistant <i>A. hydrophila</i> strains that carry clinically important virulence genes. These findings raise a potential public health concern for the tribal population of Northeastern India, known for their distinct culinary practices and food habits.</p>

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Emergence of virulent, multidrug-resistant, and genetically diverse Aeromonas hydrophila in foods of animal and aquatic origin from tribal regions of Northeastern India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Kandhan Srinivas,
  • Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton,
  • G. Bhuvana Priya,
  • Heiborkie Shilla,
  • Lavinia Wahlang,
  • Kasanchi M. Momin,
  • Dadimi Bhargavi,
  • Vanita Lyngdoh,
  • John Pynhun Lamare,
  • Zakir Hussain,
  • Girish PS,
  • Sandeep Ghatak,
  • Samir Das

摘要

Aeromonas hydrophila is an emerging zoonotic foodborne bacterial pathogen that causes gastro-intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in humans. A total of 361 samples including water (n = 195) and foods of animal and aquatic origin (n = 166) collected from tribal dwelling areas of Northeastern India were screened for the microbiological presence of A. hydrophila. Upon presumptive identification and molecular confirmation, the overall occurrence was 8.31% (30/361) with the highest rate observed in edible snails (13/38, 38.24%), followed by fish (4/14, 28.57%), pork (5/18, 27.78%), chicken (5/100, 20.0%) and domestic tap water (3/195, 1.54%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 13.33% (4/30) of the isolates, with the highest phenotypic resistance observed against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (15/30, 50.00%). Phenotypic virulence, ascertained using adhesion forming ability, identified five isolates with strong ability out of 76.67% (23/30) isolates which harboured the ability to form adhesions on abiotic surfaces. Serine protease (ser) gene featured as the predominant virulence gene (23/30, 76.67%) among the isolates followed by act (16/30, 53.33%) which codes for cytotoxic toxin. Heatmap analysis with hierarchical clustering as well as Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-based fingerprinting indicated wide genetic diversity among the isolates. Overall, the study highlights the emergence and circulation of adhesion-forming, multidrug-resistant A. hydrophila strains that carry clinically important virulence genes. These findings raise a potential public health concern for the tribal population of Northeastern India, known for their distinct culinary practices and food habits.