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<p>With the booming sustainable thermal energy storage (TES) materials and an increasing concern about the environmental issues accompanying organic waste disposal, eco-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) are being sought in an increasingly competitive race. The valorization of waste cooking oil (WCO) and coconut coir into bio-composite PCM for a sustainable TES application is demonstrated in this study. The significance of this research is to efficiently convert two abundant agro-industrial wastes into high-performance thermal storage materials; it meets the concept of the circular economy and reduces the dependence on petroleum-derived PCMs. The WCO-to-coconut coir (<i>W</i>/<i>C</i>) ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were used to fabricate composite PCM samples, which were then characterized for their thermophysical properties. The 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM among the formulations showed an optimum performance compared to other compositions, and maximum latent heat storage with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting peak of 31.1 mW and solidification peak of −21.5&#xa0;mW was obtained. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased up to 0.972&#xa0;W/(m·K) at 60&#xa0;°C and the specific heat increased from 1.78&#xa0;kJ/(kg·K) to 1.97&#xa0;kJ/(kg·K) and confirmed good shape stability through leakage tests. The TG results showed prominent thermal resistance with almost 99.9% weight retention even at temperatures as high as 50&#xa0;°C. In addition, this composite PCM still maintained approximately 96.8% thermal stability under a range of 500 heating–cooling cycles, indicating its durable performance. These results render the 80:20 <i>W</i>/<i>C</i> composite PCM a potential long lifetime, affordable and sustainable total bio-based PCMs for solar-thermal collectors, heat exchangers and low-grade energy storage.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of waste cooking oil and coconut coir into bio-based phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Sathish Thanikodi,
  • Rathinasamy Saravanan,
  • Murad Irshied Al-Maaitah,
  • Jaloladdin Rajabov,
  • Ramya Maranan,
  • Arul Gnana Dhas Anderson,
  • Arumugam Thanikasalam

摘要

With the booming sustainable thermal energy storage (TES) materials and an increasing concern about the environmental issues accompanying organic waste disposal, eco-friendly phase change materials (PCMs) are being sought in an increasingly competitive race. The valorization of waste cooking oil (WCO) and coconut coir into bio-composite PCM for a sustainable TES application is demonstrated in this study. The significance of this research is to efficiently convert two abundant agro-industrial wastes into high-performance thermal storage materials; it meets the concept of the circular economy and reduces the dependence on petroleum-derived PCMs. The WCO-to-coconut coir (W/C) ratios of 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 were used to fabricate composite PCM samples, which were then characterized for their thermophysical properties. The 80:20 W/C composite PCM among the formulations showed an optimum performance compared to other compositions, and maximum latent heat storage with a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) melting peak of 31.1 mW and solidification peak of −21.5 mW was obtained. It was found that the thermal conductivity increased up to 0.972 W/(m·K) at 60 °C and the specific heat increased from 1.78 kJ/(kg·K) to 1.97 kJ/(kg·K) and confirmed good shape stability through leakage tests. The TG results showed prominent thermal resistance with almost 99.9% weight retention even at temperatures as high as 50 °C. In addition, this composite PCM still maintained approximately 96.8% thermal stability under a range of 500 heating–cooling cycles, indicating its durable performance. These results render the 80:20 W/C composite PCM a potential long lifetime, affordable and sustainable total bio-based PCMs for solar-thermal collectors, heat exchangers and low-grade energy storage.

Graphical abstract